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Advancing Towards MDGs: Addressing Child Mortality Disparities

Progress and challenges in achieving MDG4 and MDG5, emphasizing regional disparities in under-5 mortality and maternal mortality. Key statistics and gaps in essential health interventions highlighted. Recommendations for accelerating progress through targeted interventions and strengthened health systems.

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Advancing Towards MDGs: Addressing Child Mortality Disparities

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  1. Accelerating Progress on the MDGs Informal Meeting on the Preparation of the 2010 HLPM on the MDGs 8 March 2010 New York

  2. MDG 4. Under 5 Mortality has fallen below 9 million, but achieving MDG4 is still far off

  3. Progress has not been evenly distributed among regions

  4. Equity gaps in under-five mortality, by region of the world Figure 6. Equity gaps in underfive mortality, by region of the world. Source: DHS analyzed by World Bank PovertyNet

  5. Overall progress in reducing under-5 mortality BUT little progress in reducing newborn deaths

  6. Pneumonia and Diarrhoea together account for more than one third of child deaths (including during the neonatal period) Globally, more than one third of child deaths are attributable to undernutrition Source: World Health Organization, 2008 Source: World Health Organization, 2008.

  7. Measles-related deaths among children decreased from 733,000 in 2000 to 164,000 in 2008 Number of Measles Deaths 2000-2008, by MDG region Source: WHO, 2009

  8. Global Immunization 2000-2008, DPT3 immunization coverage Source: WHO/UNICEF estimates of immunization coverage, July 2009

  9. Rapid progress in scaling up insecticide-treated net use Source: UNICEF Global malaria databases 2009, based on 22 countries with trend data for around 2000 and 2006, covering 53 % of children under age five.

  10. Pneumonia: a killer for lack of treatment Care seeking for pneumonia (% of children under five with suspected pneumonia being taken to an appropriate care provider) * Excludes China Source: UNICEF global databases, 2009.

  11. Continuum of feeding practicesDeveloping world averages of key indicators (%) Source: UNICEF Global Database, Nov 2009 Compiled from MICS, DHS and other national surveys

  12. MDG 5 - Maternal Mortality Half a million women continue to die annually from childbirth-related causesAnother 10 million are left with lifelong debilitating effects Source: UNICEF: Progress for Children 2008

  13. Whilst we know what works, there are important coverage gaps GAP 2 GAP 3 GAP 1 GAP 4 Source: Lancet Countdown Coverage writing group, Lancet Countdown special issue, 2008

  14. 195 Million under-fives in the developing world are stunted

  15. MDG 7: DRINKING WATER (2008 status)World ON TRACK for MDG target Progress towards the MDG drinking water target, 2008 Not on track Progress but insufficient On track Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, 2010

  16. Urban/Rural disparities, 2008 Urbandrinking water Ruraldrinking water Drinking water coverage, 2008 Less than 50% 50 – 75% 76 - 90% 91 - 100% Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, 2010

  17. MDG 7. SanitationWorld not on track for MDG target Progress towards the MDG sanitation target, 2006 On track Progress but insufficient Not on track Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, 2010

  18. 1.1 billion people still practise open defecation, 2008 Countries where more than 10 million people practise open defecation, 2008 Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, 2010

  19. Hygiene: Hand washing with soap….. can reduce diarrhoea rates by 42-47% can reduce Acute Respiratory Infections by up to 23% by mothers and birth attendants can reduce neonatal mortality rates by 44% Cost-effectiveness of hygiene promotion as a health intervention: US $ 3.35/ Disability Adjusted Life Year

  20. 2.1 million children under 15 years are living with HIV globally Children (<15 years) estimated to be living with HIV, 2008 Total: 2.1 million (Range: 1.2 million - 2.9 million) Source: UNAIDS and WHO, AIDS Epidemic Update, 2009.

  21. Percentage of pregnant women with HIV receiving antiretrovirals for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in low- and middle-income countries, 2004–2008

  22. Percentage of children receiving antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries, 2005–2008 Source: Towards Universal Access: Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector, 2009, UNICEF, WHO, UNAIDS

  23. Percentage Comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV among young women aged 15-24 remains low in most countries Less than 30 per cent 30-49 per cent 50 per cent or more Data not available Percentage of women aged 15-24 with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV, 2003-2008 Source: UNICEF global databases, 2010 Compiled from MICS, DHS and other national surveys

  24. Action for acceleration Focus on the main killers of children Scale up essential live-saving interventions Services and care through the life cycle Expand community-based approaches Strengthen health systems Significantly increase the investments (both national and external) in health systems Strengthen partnerships (private, CSO, professional associations, research institutions)

  25. Essential interventions • Skilled attendants at birth and emergency obstetric care • Immunization • Early and exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life • Complementary feeding • Micronutrient supplementation • Insecticide-treated mosquito nets, effective medicines to prevent and treat malaria

  26. Essential interventions • Antibiotics to fight pneumonia • Oral rehydration therapy and zinc to combat diarrhoeal diseases • Treatment of severe acute malnutrition • Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and paediatric treatment of AIDS • • Hand washing with soap • Sanitation

  27. Progress towards MDG 2: Achieve universal primary education In more than 60 developing countries, at least 90 per cent of primary-school-age children are in school Primary school net enrolment rate or net attendance rate (2003– Source: UNICEF global databases, 2009, and UNESCO Institute for Statistics Date Centre, March 2009

  28. 84 per cent of primary-school-age children attend schoolPrimary school enrolment/attendance rate, Net (%, 2003-2008) Source: UNICEF Global Database, Nov 2009

  29. MDG 3: Eliminate gender disparity in education Many countries have reached gender parity in primary educationGender parity index (GPI) in primary education (2003–2008) Source: UNICEF global databases, 2009

  30. Progress towards MDG 3: Eliminate gender disparity in education Fewer countries are near parity in secondary educationGender parity index (GPI) in secondary education (2003–2008) Source: UNICEF global databases, 2009

  31. Acceleration agenda Education main tool to break cycle of inter-generational poverty Investing in data Adequate, equitable and sustainable financing Exploiting IT to reach the unreached Engaging non-traditional partners – private sector, foundations, NGOs – to increase and enhance funding of basic education Focus on systems strengthening Revitalization of community-based approaches and social mobilization Concerted support to fragile contexts

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