Work Place Hazards

1. Work Place Hazards PPE, Respirators, asbestos, confined spaces, lock out/tag out

2. Identification of potentialWork Site Safety Hazards • Electrical • Fire / Explosion • Slips, Trips and Falls • Horseplay • Improper Use of Hand Tools • Lack of Observance of Surroundings • Drugs and Alcohol Use • Poor Lighting • Stress, Fitness for Duty • Confined Spaces • Noise • PPE • Other Medical Emergencies • Housekeeping

3. Work Site Safety Hazards • Sharp objects • Slippery surfaces • Falling objects • Terrain • Unstable surfaces • Burns • Improper lifting Ergonomic hazards • Pinch points • Environmental (weather, animals, poisonous plants) • Struck-by / Roll Over • Public/Other Contractors • Dehydration

4. Work Place Hazards OSHA’s Hierarchy of Controls

5. Personal Protective Equipment • 29 CFR 1910.132 • “Protective equipment, including personal protective equipment for eyes, face, head, and extremities, protective clothing, respiratory devices…shall be provided, used and maintained whenever it is necessary by reason of hazards of processes or environment… capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact.

6. Personal Protective Equipment • Protective Clothing • Tyvex versus poly spun • Two suit protocol? • Hoods and boots • Respirator inside of hood • Oversize suits for ease of movement • Reinforce suits with duct tape • Tape wrists to gloves, ankles

7. Respiratory Protection • Respirators are the last option after: • engineering controls • administrative controls • work practices • alternative materials • other methods

8. Definition: “A respirator is a personal device designed to protect the wearer from the inhalation of hazardous atmospheres.” (ANSI Z88.2, 1992)

9. Exposure Assessment • know potential airborne hazards • assume a hazard is present until assessment is complete • testing to be performed by competent person

10. Employer Responsibilities • employees must have proper protection • employees must be medically fit • employees must be trained • required fit testing • written respiratory protection program

11. Selection of Respirators • use only approved respirators • what you need to know when selecting respirators • other important factors

12. Types of Respirators • air-purifying respirators • negative-pressure air purifying respirators • powered air-purifying respirators • supplied-air respirators • self-contained breathing apparatus

13. Respirator Cartridge Color Codes Atmospheric Contaminants to Be Protected AgainstColor Assigned1 Acid Gases White Hydrocyanic acid gas White with ½ inch green stripe completely around the canister near the bottom Organic vapors Black Ammonia gas Green Acid gases and ammonia gas Green with ½ inch white stripe around the canister near the bottom Carbon monoxide Blue Acid gases and organic vapors Yellow Hydrocyanic acid gas and chloropicrin vapor Yellow with ½ inch blue stripe completely around the canister near the bottom Acid gases, organic vapors, and ammonia gases Brown Radioactive particles, asbestos, lead mold Purple (Magenta) (High Efficiency Particulate Filter) Particles (dusts, fumes, mist, fogs, or smoke) Canister color for contaminant as designated above, in combination with any of the above gases with ½ inch gray stripe completely around the canister or vapors near the top All of the above atmospheric contaminants Red with ½ inch gray stripe completely around the canister near the top 1Gray shall not be assigned as the main color for a canister designed to remove acids or vapors. Note: Orange shall be used as a complete body, or stripe color to represent gases not included in this table. The user will need to refer to the canister label to determine the degree of protection the canister will afford. For LEAD particles or fume the cartridge for PARTICLES is needed. It has a high-efficiency HEPA filter which is purple (magenta).

14. Protection Factors • contaminants inside the respirator • ratio of contaminant inside to outside • who determines protection factor

15. Protection Factors Type of RespiratorAPF ½ mask air-purifying (HEPA filter) 10 loose-fitting hood or helmet powered air-purifying (HEPA filter) 25 hood or helmet supplied-air - continuous flow mode 25 tight-fitting powered air-purifying (HEPA) 50 full face piece air-purifying (HEPA) 50 ½ mask or full face piece supplied air - continuous flow mode 50 ½ mask supplied air in pressure-demand mode 1,000 full face piece supplied air in pressure-demand mode 2,000 full face piece SCBA in pressure-demand mode >2,000 *Assigned Protection Factor

16. Respirator Fit • initial fit test and re-testing requirement • types of fit tests • qualitative • depends upon ability of wearer to detect irritant inside respirator • quantitative • substance measured inside & outside of respirator

17. Fit Checks • rationale for the fit check • negative pressure check • why - how - when • positive pressure check • why - how - when

18. Other Important Issues • Medical fitness to wear a respirator • Facial hair & respiratory protection • Care & cleaning of respirators • Inspection of respirators • Cleaning & disinfection • Repairs • Storage

19. Respiratory Program • written SOP • MSHA/NIOSH certified respirators • appropriate for hazard • training of wearer • individual respirators • cleaning & disinfection • respirator storage • inspection & repair • work area monitoring • medical review • annual evaluation of respiratory program • Minimum Requirements:

20. NIOSH NIOSH Recommendation: "Respiratory protection may be necessary for certain operations or methods such mold removal and paint removal by chemicals, heat gun, or abrasive techniques, and some set-up, and cleaning operations. However, respirators are the least preferred method of controlling airborne Mold exposure, and they should not be used as the only means of preventing or minimizing exposures. Respiratory protection requirements are not an acceptable substitute for adequate training, supervision, appropriate engineering controls, and environmental or medical monitoring. Initial respiratory protection requirements for abatement work (which may be based on conservative assumptions) should be modified with appropriate job-specific requirements based on air monitoring results. Respirator selection for each job category at every worksite should be determined by an industrial hygienist or other qualified individual, based on maximum airborne exposures measured."

21. Respirators • 29 CFR 1910.134 • In any workplace where respirators are necessary to protect the health of the employee or whenever respirators are required by the employer, the employer shall establish a written respiratory protection program with worksite-specific procedures.

22. Asbestos What Is It? Asbestos minerals share some common characteristics Naturally occurring from Ores rich in Magnesium, Calcium, Silica, and Iron High tensile strength along the axis of the fiber Chemically inert Non-combustible

23. ACM Categories

24. Surfacing Material

25. Ceiling Plaster

26. Mold on Asbestos Containing Materials ACM- Spackle/Joint compound ACM- Pipe insulation (T.S.I)

27. Damaged Pipe Insulation

28. Damaged Boiler Insulation

29. Fire-Stop Insulation

30. Duct Insulation

31. Definition ACM= Asbestos Containing Materials This is any material that contains greater than 1% asbestos fibers PACM=Presumed Asbestos Containing Materials This is any TSI, Surfacing, or Misc vinyl/asphalt flooring or roofing installed before 1980 It should be noted that New York State Department of Labor (NYSDOL), United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) all have specific requirements for the testing, handling and disposal of ACM, also for licensing and training. One should always check with all applicable regulations before disturbing any Known or suspect ACM/PACM present on a mold remediation/Assessment

32. Lead Based Paint On Mold remediation projects Lead based paint can also be impacted. • It will typically be in the paint on or near the areas with mold growth • Demolition or removal of these painted surfaces can create potentially dangerous exposures to Lead dust and lead contaminated debris

33. Why are Dust and Debris a Problem? • Remediation activities that disturb lead-containing materials create dust and debris • Lead-contaminated dust is poisonous • Very small amounts of lead-contaminated dust can poison children and adults • Children swallow dust during ordinary play activities. • Adults swallow or breathe dust during work activities. • Workers can bring lead-contaminated dust home and poison their families

34. Definition of a confined space is any space that A person can enter Has a limited opening for entry or exit Is not designed for continuous occupancy A confined space that has any associated hazard is considered a permit-required confined space Hazards can include oxygen deficient or enriched atmospheres, toxic or flammable atmospheres, mechanical or electrical hazards, falls, engulfment, etc. Confined Spaces www.environmentaleducation.com

35. Do not enter a confined space to attempt to rescue unless you are properly trained and outfitted with the correct protective equipment (including your own safety retrieval harness, with someone tending your line).  Respirators are limited in their ability to protect the wearer from atmospheric hazards. For example, a negative pressure or powered air purifying respirator will not protect you against insufficient oxygen or a host of other contaminants for which the respirator was not designed. Therefore, only self-contained breathing apparatus can be worn during confined space rescues. Confined Spaces

36.  60% of confined space deaths are among would-be rescuers. Don’t become a statistic! Confined Spaces

37. Electrical Hazards • Electrocution and electric shocks are among the most common hazards. • Incorrect wiring, improper grounding, and lack of proper insulation result in over 1,000 people being electrocuted each year

38. Worker Responsibilities • Being aware of potential hazards • Knowing how hazards should be treated • Knowing what to do to protect themselves from electrical shock while working in a regulated abatement work area.

39. Hazard – Damaged Cords • Cords can be damaged by: • Aging • Door or window edges • Staples or fastenings • Abrasion from adjacent materials • Activity in the area • Improper use can cause shocks, burns or fire

40. Lockout and Tagging of Circuits • “Authorized “ person will de-energize all sources • Locking device will be applied at energy source • Lock must be unique in appearance and used for no other purpose • Tag deactivated controls • Tag de-energized equipment and circuits at all points where they can be energized • Tags must identify equipment or circuits being worked on • A separate tag and lockout is provided for each crewmember requiring de-energizing of same line or equipment

41. www.environmentaleducation.com Lockout and Tagging of Circuits • When to Lock Out/Tag Out? • Any time injury could result from unexpected start-up of machinery • Any time injury could result from release of energy • Electrical energy • Chemical energy • Hydraulic pressure • Air pressure • Steam pressure

42. Steps for Reducing Electrical Hazards • Inspect for wiring faults • Remove all electrically powered equipment • Protect cables lines and outlets

43. Protect from contact and damage, and don’t allow to lay on the ground Temporary Lights www.environmentaleducation.com

44. Plastic or rubber covering is missing Damaged extension cords & tools Hazard – Defective Cords & Wires

45. Tools plugged into improperly grounded circuits may become energized Broken wire or plug on extension cord Some of the most frequently violated OSHA standards Hazard - Improper Grounding

46. Hazards may result from: Too many devices plugged into a circuit, causing heated wires and possibly a fire Damaged tools overheating Lack of overcurrent protection Wire insulation melting, which may cause arcing and a fire in the area where the overload exists, even inside a wall Hazard - Overloaded Circuits

47. Tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses Warm tools, wires, cords, connections, or junction boxes GFCI that shuts off a circuit Worn or frayed insulation around wire or connection Clues that Electrical Hazards Exist

48. Scaffolds Specific OSHA standards apply to the specific use of scaffolding, which must be reviewed prior to construction or use

49. The height of the scaffold should not be more than four times its minimum base dimension unless guys, ties, or braces are used Scaffold Height www.environmentaleducation.com

50. Employees can’t be on a moving scaffold unless: Surface is level Height to base ratio is 2 to 1 Outriggers are installed on both sides of scaffolds Employees can’t be on scaffold while it is being moved Mobile Scaffolds www.environmentaleducation.com