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Note Final Exam-please check final schedule

Note Final Exam-please check final schedule. Lecture 25- 7 March 2011 Vitamins Water soluble Fat soluble (11 March ). Vitamins assist in many functions in the body Vitamin are micronutrients because they are taken amounts that are less than grams.

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Note Final Exam-please check final schedule

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  1. Note Final Exam-please check final schedule

  2. Lecture 25- 7 March 2011 Vitamins Water soluble Fat soluble (11 March )

  3. Vitamins assist in many functions in the body Vitamin are micronutrients because they are taken amounts that are less than grams

  4. Vitamins are needed in the diet in milligram or microgram amounts A milligram is 1/1000 of gram A microgram is 1/1,000,000 of a gram

  5. Water-soluble vitamins Categorised into B vitamins and vitamin C Lists of functions, sources, toxicities and deficiencies are not comprehensive Deficiencies usually result in loss of vitamin function

  6. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) Function- carbohydrate metabolism Sources-pork and wheat germ, legumes, watermelon, enriched grain products Deficiency- beriberi- generalised weakness Toxicity- none reported to date

  7. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) Function- carbohydrate and fat metabolism Sources-most animal and plant foods,liver and kidney, milk and dairy products and ready to eat cereals and enriched grain products are best Deficiency-rare but barbiturate drugs lead to riboflavin metabolism -cancer, heart disease and diabetes may cause riboflavin deficiency Toxicity- none reported to date

  8. Vitamin B3 (niacin) Function- carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism Sources- meat, poultry, fish, peanuts, mushrooms, enriched and whole grain breads Deficiency- 4 Ds- diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death Toxicity- flushing of skin, glucose intolerance and blurred vision

  9. Vitamin B6 Function- carbohydrate metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, conversion of tryptophan to niacin Sources-fortified ready to eat cereals, fish, meat, poultry, white potatoes Deficiency- rare- anemia, depression, confusion, convulsions Toxicity- irreversible nerve damage, numbness, reduced walking ability

  10. Folate Function- DNA synthesis, amino acid synthesis, cell division and cell maturation Sources- fortified ready to eat cereals, dark leafy vegetables, chicken liver Deficiency-anemia, neural tube defects Toxicity- hives, respiratory distress, may mask vitamin B12 deficiency

  11. Vitamin B12 Function- folate metabolism, nerve-covering maintenance Sources-fortified ready to eat cereals, some fortified soy milks, plants have only inactive form of B12 Deficiency- anemia Toxicity- none reported to date

  12. Pantothenic acid • Function- fatty acid synthesis • Sources-chicken, beef, potatoes, oats • Deficiency- rare-irritability • Toxicity- none reported to date

  13. Biotin Function- carbohydrate, fat and amino acid metabolism Sources-cauliflower, liver, peanuts Deficiency- hair loss, rash, convulsions Toxicity- none reported to date

  14. Vitamin C Function- collagen synthesis, antioxidant, iron absorption Sources-potatoes, citrus fruits, broccoli, strawberries Deficiency- scurvy Toxicity- nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and nose bleeds

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