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The English Civil War (1642-1651) marked a pivotal struggle between the Cavaliers, who supported the monarchy and the nobility, and the Roundheads, who championed the Parliament and the emerging middle class. This conflict reshaped British politics, society, and culture, leading to the temporary abolition of the monarchy and the rise of republicanism. The war emphasized class divisions and laid the groundwork for modern democracy, influencing future democratic movements worldwide.
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