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The Scientific Revolution: From Magic to Astronomy

Explore the shift from ancient thinkers, Renaissance impact, and the emergence of modern science with an emphasis on astronomy and the Copernican Revolution. Discover how magic, alchemy, and astrology influenced the scientific mindset.

jonathanjensen
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The Scientific Revolution: From Magic to Astronomy

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  1. SPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 16 TOWARD A NEW HEAVAN AND A NEW EARTH: THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN SCIENCE

  2. BACKGROUND TO THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION • Aristotle and Galen – key ancient thinkers who examined the physical world • Natural philosophers = medieval scientists • Medieval scientists based their work – 1. strict theological framework 2. a few ancient authorities

  3. THE RENAISSANCE’S IMPACT ON THE SCI. REV. • Renaissance Humanists – mastered Greek and Latin language -> Galen, Ptolemy, Archimedes, Plato, and pre-socratics • Humanists discovered new ancient texts by Galen and Aristotle • Renaissance artists impacted Sci. Rev. – 1. observation of nature 2. use of perspective and math in painting 3. proper understanding of human anatomy

  4. MORE BACKGROUND FACTORS TO SCI. REV. • Technical problems • Emphasis on practical over theoretical knowledge • Printing press -> spread ideas quickly and easily • Mathematics – military sci., navigation, geography • Leonardo da Vinci – nature is inherently mathematical and it provided certainty

  5. MAGIC • Hermetic magic = the world is divine, we are part of the divine -> we can tap in and control the world • Alchemy = changing substances -> stuff into gold • Astrology = position of stars -> influences our lives • Numerology = numbers have secrets • Use magic to control and dominate nature • All giants of the sci. rev. studied magic

  6. THE GREATEST ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE SCI. REV. • ASTRONOMY • MECHANICS/ PHYSICS • MEDICINE

  7. THE MEDIEVAL VIEW OF THE COSMOS • A synthesis of 1. Aristotle 2. Ptolemy 3. Christian theology

  8. PTOLEMAIC/GEOCENTRIC CONCEPTION OF THE COSMOS • Earth centered • Series of 10 concentric spheres • Crystalline/transparent sphere • Perfect circular rotation • Heavenly bodies were orbs of embedded in moving spheres • Beyond the 10th sphere = the kingdom of god/heaven • Man is at the center + god is in his place

  9. COPERNICUS • Polish astronomer • Author of - On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres • Published his book in 1453 -> waited until he was on his deathbed to publish -> fear of consequences • Copernican conception = heliocentric/sun centered • Copernican cosmos -> created uncertainty about man’s role in the universe and God’s location • Protestants were first to attack the new idea • Catholic church remained silent until Galileo in 1610

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