Vocabulary

1. Chancellor Realpolitik Annex Kaiser Reich Social welfare Anarchist Emigration Emancipation Electorate Free trade Repeal Home rule Provisional Premier Coalition Libel Expansionism Abolitionist Isolationism Imperialism Protectorate Sphere of influence Vocabulary Elite Genocide Concession Trade surplus Trade deficit Extraterritoriality Homogeneous society Indigenous Confederation Dominion Regionalism

2. Nationalism and Imperialism1800 to 1914Chapters 23-26 31 Questions 4 Summaries

3. *Nationalisma strong feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country

4. Germany • Napoleon • Dissolved the Holy Roman Empire • Created the Rhine Confederation • Congress of Vienna • Created German Confederation • Controlled by Austria • Bismarck, Otto von 1862 • Aligned with Austria • Annexed parts of Germany to control the German Confederation • Insulted Napoleon III starting the Franco-Prussian War 1870

5. Germany • William I King of Prussia • Took the title “Kaiser” meaning emperor • Ushered in the second Reich (Holy Roman Empire is the 1st) • *William II • Expanded social welfare • Transportation, electricity, public schools, etc. • Expanded the army and navy to win an overseas empire • Becomes Europe’s leading industrial giant

6. Italy • Had been a battleground for foreign and local princes • Nationalists wanted to unite due to language and customs • City-states controlled by various empires • N W by Austria, NE by France • Catholic church Rome and central parts called the Papal lands • South was the Kingdom of Two Sicily’s • Kingdom of Sardinia • Combined Italy under King Emmanuel II By 1870 • Factionalism brought civil war • Church bitter • *Population increased encouraging immigration to the U.S.

7. Hapsburg Empire “Austria” • Slowly declining • *Nationalistic feelings of Austria’s ethnic groups... Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Ukrainians, Romanians, Serbs, Croats, Hungarians and German speaking Austrians • 1866 defeat by Prussia caused a split • Creating Hungary-Austrian empire Coat of Arms of Austria-Hungary, adopted in 1915 to emphasize the unity of the Empire during WWI

8. Ottoman Empire • “Sick Old Man” ethnically diverse • *Various groups revolted • Serbia 1817, Greece 1830's, others followed • France, Britain, Austria began taking pieces of the Old Man

9. Summary Use at least four sentences to summarize your notes up to this point.

10. Western Democracies • Grow during the 1800's • France, Britain and United States • *The people taking more governmental power British Labour leader, workers' rights campaigner and politician Keir Hardie making a speech in Trafalgar Square.

11. United States National and Economic growth • *Manifest Destiny --- 4,000,000 Americans moved to western territories between 1820 and 1850 • Expands from ocean to ocean • Texas 1845, Mexican Secession 1848, Oregon Country 1846, Alaska 1867, Hawaii 1898 and Florida 1819 • *Became the worlds leading industrial giant • *Had a tradition of isolationism

12. *Imperialism.....the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country • *Industrialized nations enlightened economic and political power allowed them to dominate and build overseas colonial empires

13. *Motives for Imperialism • Economic interests • Needed raw materials • New markets • Immigration • Political and military interests • Needed resupply bases • National security • Humanitarian Goals • Thought it was their duty to share their blessings with little brothers • Social Darwinism • European races superior...natural selection

14. Success 1870-1914 *European’s controlled most of the world Why? • Other countries were weak—old empires declining • Slave trade weakened Africa • Superior technology and medical knowledge (maxim gun) • Strong central government & economies

15. Problems with Imperialism • *Resistance • Western educated natives pushed for nationalism • Anti-imperialists questioned the treatment of the colonies

16. Africa Partitioned • Resistance– Zulu vs Britain, Algerians vs French, E. Africa vs Germany • Ethiopia survives— beats Italy ---Christian • Modernized– roads, bridges, schools, weapons & training • Creates and native African Elite • Western trained • Forged nationalist movements

17. *Forms of western rule • Colonies— direct or indirect rule, using military force when needed. • Protectorates–local rulers had to do as told • Spheres of Influence– exclusive investment or trading privileges. • U.S. claimed So. America • Europe claimed China and So. E. Asia

18. Summary Use at least four sentences to summarize your notes up to this point.

19. Europeans challenge the Muslim world • Mughals in India, Ottomans in the Middle East, Safavids in Iran • All in decline by mid 1700's • *Reform movements • Stressed religious piety • Caused more internal problems

20. Ottomans • *Nationalism caused internal revolts • Tried to modernize but too little and too late (WWI) • *Egypt borrowed to build the Suez canal 1869 • Defaulted to Britain • Became Britain’s protectorate

21. India • British East India Company • *Negative effects • Exploited diversity to make money • saw India as a market and source of raw materials • encouraged cash crops — deforestation • caused a famine in the late 1800's • *Positive effects • brought peace and order • revised legal system • communications & transportation • increased education • India did not become an independent nation until 1947

22. China • Prior to 1800 had a trade surplus • *Opium War 1839 led to unequal treaties • Treaty of Naming • Britain received a huge indemnity • Britain got Hong Kong • China opened 5 more ports • British citizens received extraterritoriality

23. Qing Dynasty 1800's in decline • Taiping Rebellion— peasant revolt • Lasted 14 yrs then crushed • Reform efforts thwarted by Qing’s Confucian beliefs • *Boxer Rebellion 1899 • Righteous Harmonious Fists • Crushed by western powers and Japan • China again gave up concessions • 37 years more of civil and foreign wars

24. Summary Use at least four sentences to summarize your notes up to this point.

25. Japan • 1853 U.S. navy gunboats force Japan to open their ports • Ending 215 years of isolation • *Tokugawa shoguns were in trouble • Corruption was common • Daimyo’s were land rich and cash poor • Samurai were bureaucrats not fighters • Merchants resented being on the bottom of society • Peasants suffered under heavy taxes

26. Meiji Restoration –- 1867 • Daimyo and samurai revolted • Put Meiji in as emperor • Lasted until 1912 • *Government used the German Model • All citizens equal under the law • Diet (Legislature) • Emperor was autocratic • Bureaucracy used separate departments • All men were subject to military service

27. Economy— followed the western style • By 1890's was the Asia industrial powerhouse • Social changes • More and better schools • Class distinctions outlawed but survived unofficially • Literacy increased • Amazing success • *Homogenous society — strong sense of identity The delegates of the Iwakura mission were among the first Japanese to encounter the West after Japan emerged from a long period of international isolation in the mid-19th century. The Meiji government, which had recently overthrown Japan’s centuries-old feudal system, sent the mission around the world from 1871 to 1873 to study the economic and political systems of Western countries

28. Sino-Japanese War 1894 • Took control of Taiwan • Forced treaty ports in China • In 1904 took control and annexed Korea (protectorate for 35yrs) • Began modernizing it’s empire

29. Economic Imperialism in South America • *Colonial effects • Created a ruling elite • Unequal trading • Regionalism • Church controlled huge tracts of land and privileges • Foreign capital built mining, ranches, ports and railroads

30. U.S. claims all of the Americas • *Monroe Doctrine — James Monroe 1823 • “The American continents are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power.” • *Roosevelt Corollary late 1800's • U.S. claimed “international police power” to protect U.S. interests

31. Yankee Imperialism • Cuba liberated 1901 • Panama Canal opened 1914 • revolt against Colombia

32. Summary Use at least four sentences to summarize your notes up to this point.

33. *Impact of Imperialism • Global economy emerged dominated by the industrial nations • Money economy replaced the barter system • Economic dependency — colonies produce the raw materials • Colony’s rose and fell with the price of the materials • Did not produce enough food – famine • Modernization • Banking system • New technology • Invested huge amounts of capital

34. *Cultural Impacts • Modernization and westernization are the same • Schools and hospitals • Undermined local healers and herbalists • Religion • Christianity spread world wide • Not much in areas of Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Confucianism • Urbanization • Hurt village life • Columbian Exchange expands • Brazilian coffee, Sir Lankan tea, Honduran bananas, & rubber So E Asia and So America • History uncovered • Many ancient civilizations unearthed

35. *European powers teetered on the brink of war • Interlocking treaties • Military growth • National ambitions

36. Stay Tuned World War One Is Coming