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Basic Beef Cow Nutrition

Basic Beef Cow Nutrition. Katherine Whitman, DVM, MS Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center. Overview. Recognizing a problem Basic requirements Matching cow cycle with forage cycle Critical time points in the cow cycle Evaluating feedstuffs BRaNDS program application

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Basic Beef Cow Nutrition

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  1. Basic Beef Cow Nutrition Katherine Whitman, DVM, MS Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center

  2. Overview • Recognizing a problem • Basic requirements • Matching cow cycle with forage cycle • Critical time points in the cow cycle • Evaluating feedstuffs • BRaNDSprogram application • Nutrition in practice

  3. Obvious…

  4. …Sub-clinical

  5. How do we know? • Tools to evaluate nutritional status • Body Condition Scoring • https://beef.unl.edu/learning/condition1a.shtml • Behavior? • Health issues • Increases is morbidity or mortality • Unthrifty • Ineffective preventatives, treatments • Performance issues • Reproductive deficiencies • Poor growth

  6. Nutritional Requirements • NRC for technicals • Minimum requirements • Feed values are averages • Feed analysis is under utilized!! • Sampling-what feedstuffs?

  7. What does she need? • Age? • Stage of production? • Body condition? • Environment? • Feedstuffs available? • Producer goals?

  8. Changes in requirement

  9. Production Cycle Lactation Grazing Supplement?

  10. Nutritional Demands • Demands vary with physiologic state of cow • Trimester • Lactation • Growth • Other stressors

  11. Determining What to Feed • Availability • Cost • Feasibility • Quality

  12. Feedstuff Evaluation Testing LOOK!!! Ask questions

  13. What is the Focus? • Major balancers • Protein: 8% Cows, 13-14% Heifers (MINIMUMS!!) • Energy: TDN, NEm, NEg, NEl • Ca:P ratio-what is appropriate? • Adjustments • Supplementation??

  14. Forage dry matter intake relative to forage crude protein concentration Source: Adapted from Moore and Kunkle, 1995

  15. Stimulate Fermentation Decrease Intake Increase Milk fat Stimulate Milk Production Carbohydrate Fractions Total Carbohydrate Structural Nonfiber Carbohydrate Carbohydrate (NDF) Neutral Sugars Starches (NSC) Organic Acids Acid Detergent Detergent Hemicellulose Fiber Soluble Fiber Pectins Cellulose Fructans Lignin Maillard ß-Glucans Protein

  16. Case background • 2 Year Olds 1560 • 3 Year Olds 1242 • Matures 5894 • Calving season begins March 21 • Wean October 20 • Turned out to winter grazing • Winter ration? • Other questions?

  17. Feeding options • Supplemental forages • Supplemental concentrates • Corn stalks • http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/live/ec290/build/ec290.pdf • Dry lot • http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/pages/publicationD.jsp?publicationId=1639 • https://beef.unl.edu/confinement-cows-series-part-1-nutritional-considerations

  18. Reading Feed Analysis Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) Analysis

  19. Ration formulation • Scratch paper • Rules of Thumb • Excel spreadsheets • Numerous online resources • Software programs • BRaNDS • BRaNDS.xlsm • NRC • D:\NRC\UNL Practicum Revised NRC - November 2013.xls

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