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Principles of Evolution

Principles of Evolution. Question 1 - 10. Traces of organisms that existed in the past. Answer 1 – 10. Fossils. Question 1 - 20. This theory states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped Earth’s landforms and caused extinction of some species. Answer 1 – 20.

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Principles of Evolution

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  1. Principles of Evolution

  2. Question 1 - 10 • Traces of organisms that existed in the past

  3. Answer 1 – 10 • Fossils

  4. Question 1 - 20 • This theory states that natural disasters such as floods and volcanic eruptions shaped Earth’s landforms and caused extinction of some species

  5. Answer 1 – 20 • Catastrophism

  6. Question 1 - 30 • This principle states that the changes in landforms result from slow changes over a long period of time

  7. Answer 1 – 30 • Gradualism

  8. Question 1 - 40 • An expanded version of the theory of gradualism – this theory states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are the same through time. Small geologic changes add up over a long time.

  9. Answer 1 – 40 • Uniformitarianism

  10. Question 1 - 50 • Name the scientist who had the following theories: • Species shared ancestors instead of arising separately • Believed in the inheritance of acquired characteristics • All living things were descended from a common ancestor and that more-complex forms of life arose from less complex forms

  11. Answer 1 – 50 • Buffon • Lamarck • E. Darwin

  12. Question 2 - 10 • Differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs

  13. Answer 2 – 10 • Variation

  14. Question 2 - 20 • An inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment

  15. Answer 2 – 20 • Adaptation

  16. Question 2 - 30 • A variation that occurs among members of the SAME species

  17. Answer 2 – 30 • Intraspecific variation

  18. Question 2 - 40 • A variation that occurs among members of a DIFFERENT species

  19. Answer 2 – 40 • Interspecific variation

  20. Question 2 - 50 • Name the islands off of the coast of South America where Darwin gathered a great deal of evidence to support his theory and give two examples of organisms that showed evolution taking place.

  21. Answer 2 – 50 • Galapagos Islands • Tortoises • Finches • Marine Iguanas • Etc.

  22. Question 3 - 10 • Process by which humans modify a species by breeding it for certain traits

  23. Answer 3 – 10 • Artificial Selection

  24. Question 3 - 20 • Mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals

  25. Answer 3 – 20 • Natural Selection

  26. Question 3 - 30 • The ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next

  27. Answer 3 – 30 • Heritability

  28. Question 3 - 40 • A measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment

  29. Answer 3 – 40 • Fitness

  30. Question 3 - 50 • Name the four main principles of the theory of Natural Selection

  31. Answer 3 – 50 • Variation • Overproduction • Adaptation • Descent with Modification

  32. Question 4 - 10 • The study of the distribution of organisms around the world

  33. Answer 4 – 10 • Biogeography

  34. Question 4 - 20 • The study of the early developmental stages of an organism to determine similarities and differences in species indicating that evolution has taken place

  35. Answer 4 – 20 • Embryology

  36. Question 4 - 30 • Remnants of an organ or structure that functioned in an earlier ancestor

  37. Answer 4 – 30 • Vestigial structure

  38. Question 4 - 40 • Body part that is similar in structure on different organisms but performs different functions

  39. Answer 4 – 40 • Homologous structure

  40. Question 4 - 50 • Body part that is similar in function as a body part of another organism but is structurally different

  41. Answer 4 – 50 • Analogous structure

  42. Question 5 - 10 • The study of fossils or extinct organisms that continues to provide new information and support current hypotheses about how evolution occurs.

  43. Answer 5 – 10 • Paleontology

  44. Question 5 - 20 • The process of analyzing the sequences of nucleotides in a gene and how they have changed over time due to mutations. It provides evidence that evolution takes place.

  45. Answer 5 – 20 • DNA sequence analysis

  46. Question 5 - 30 • Sequences of DNA nucleotides that no longer function but are still carried along with functional DNA.

  47. Answer 5 – 30 • Pseudogenes

  48. Question 5 - 40 • Genes that control the development of specific structures

  49. Answer 5 – 40 • Homeobox genes

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