Social Structure and Status: Understanding the Patterns of Relationships in Society

1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Preview Section 1: Social Structure and Status Section 2: Social Structure and Roles Section 3: Preindustrial Societies Section 4: Industrial and Postindustrial Societies Chapter Menu

3. Chapter Preview · Section 1 Social Structure and Status (pages 140–145) The underlying pattern of social relationships in a group is called the social structure. Status is one very important element of social structure. Ascribed statuses are assigned at birth; achieved statuses are earned or chosen. Chapter Preview 1

4. Chapter Preview · Section 2 Social Structure and Roles (pages 146–152) People interact according to prescribed roles. These roles carry certain rights and obligations. Sometimes conflict or strain occurs when an individual has too many roles to play. Chapter Preview 2

5. Chapter Preview · Section 3 Preindustrial Societies (pages 153–158) The way a society provides for basic needs greatly affects its culture and social structure. Preindustrial societies include hunting and gathering, horticultural, pastoral, and agricultural societies. Chapter Preview 3

6. Chapter Preview · Section 4 Industrial and Postindustrial Societies(pages 159–164) The Industrial Revolution created a new type of society called an industrial society. Characteristics that distinguish this society from all earlier ones include the growth of large cities and a widespread dependence on machines and technology. Postindustrial society has a predominately white-collar labor force that is concentrated in service industries. Social instability has been linked to the transition from an industrial to a postindustrial society. Chapter Preview 4

7. Chapter Preview-End

8. The underlying pattern of social relationships in a group is called the social structure. Status is one very important element of social structure. Ascribed statuses are assigned at birth; achieved statuses are earned or chosen. Section 1-Preview

9. social structure status ascribed status achieved status status set master status Section 1-Key Terms

10. A B C D Which is a way that people display their status in our society? A.Their home B.Their car C. Wearing a uniform D.All of the above Section 1-Polling Question

11. Social Structure Is All Around You • Social structure is the underlying patterns of relationships in a group. Section 1

12. A B C D Which is NOT an aspect of social structure? A.It involves groups B.It involves patterns C. It involves computers D.It involves relationships Section 1

13. Everyone Has Status • Astatus is a position a person occupies within a social structure. • An ascribed status is neither earned nor chosen; it is assigned to us. Section 1

14. Everyone Has Status (cont.) • An achieved status is earned or chosen. • A status set is all of the statuses that a person occupies at any particular time. The Interrelationships of Social Statuses Section 1

15. Everyone Has Status (cont.) • Master statuses can be achieved or ascribed; they significantly affect the likelihood of achieving other social statuses. Section 1

16. A B C D Which type of status would a doctor fall under? A. Master B.Status set C. Ascribed D.Achieved Section 1

17. Section 1-End

18. People interact according to prescribed roles. These roles carry certain rights and obligations. Sometimes conflict or strain occurs when an individual has too many roles to play. Section 2-Preview

19. role right obligation role performance social interaction role conflict role strain Section 2-Key Terms

20. A B C D Which role do identify with the most? A.Student B.Sibling C. Artist D.Athlete Section-Polling Question

21. Rights and Obligations • An expected behavior associated with a particular status is a role. • Rightsare behaviors that individuals expect from others. • Obligationsare behaviors that individuals are expected to perform toward others. Section 2

22. A B C D Statuses “in action” is another name for: A.Rights B.Roles C. Obligations D.Society Section 2

23. Role Performance and Social Interaction • Roleperformance is the actual conduct, or behavior, involved in carrying out (or performing) a role. • Social interaction is the process of influencing each other as people relate. The Links Between Culture and Social Structure Section 2

24. Role Performance and Social Interaction (cont.) • Role performance is much like a play, but there are many differences: • Most real-life role performance occurs without planning. • Real-life performance is ad-libbed. • We choose our own cues and responses. Section 2

25. A B C D Which is an example of social interaction? A.Asking a stranger for directions B.Chatting with friends C. Playing sports D.All of the above Section 2

26. Role Conflict and Role Strain • Role conflict exists when the performance of a role in one status clashes with the performance of a role in another. • Role strain occurs when a person has trouble meeting the many roles connected with a single status. Section 2

27. Role Conflict and Role Strain (cont.) • To deal with the conflict and strain we: • Set priorities • Segregate roles Illustrating Social Structure Concepts Unemployment Rates Section 2

28. A B C D How often does role strain and conflict affect your own life? A.Very often B.Sometimes C. Rarely D.Never Section 2

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30. The way a society provides for basic needs greatly affects its culture and social structure. Preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial societies meet basic needs in different ways. Preindustrial societies include hunting and gathering, horticulture, pastoral, and agricultural societies. Section 3-Preview

31. society hunting and gathering society horticultural society pastoral society agricultural society Section 3-Key Terms

32. A B C D Which is an example of a preindustrial society? A.Hunting and gathering B.Pastoral C. Agricultural D. All of the above Section 3-Polling Question

33. Types of Society • A societyis composed of people living within defined territorial borders who share a common culture. Section 3

34. A B C Do you think our society today is becoming more global? A.Agree B.Disagree C. Not sure Section 3

35. Hunting and Gathering Societies • Hunting and gathering society survives by hunting animals and gathering edible foods. Time Line of Societies Section 3

36. Hunting and Gathering Societies (cont.) • Characteristics: • Nomadic • Small in population • Cooperation and sharing are key • No social class • Family is the only institution Time Line of Societies Section 3

37. A B C D The following are important in the hunting and gathering society EXCEPT A.Sharing B.Gathering food C. Thrift D.Moving from place to place Section 3

38. Horticultural Societies • A horticultural society solves the subsistence problem primarily through the growing of plants. Time Line of Societies Section 3

39. Horticultural Societies (cont.) • Characteristics: • More permanent settlements • Multicommunity societies • Family more key • More complex division of labor • Trade possible Time Line of Societies Section 3

40. A B C What do you think is the main difference between the horticultural society and the hunting and gathering society? A.The growing of plants B.Emphasis on family C. Permanent housing Section 3

41. Pastoral Societies • In pastoral societies, food is obtained primarily by raising and taking care of animals. Time Line of Societies Section 3

42. Pastoral Societies (cont.) • Characteristics: • Migration still needed, but with some permanent villages • Male dominated • More complex division of labor • Trade possible Time Line of Societies Section 3

43. A B C D Pastoral societies, food is primarily obtained by which method? A.Hunting B.Raising animals C. Growing crops D.Trade Section 3

44. Agricultural Societies • An agricultural society subsists by growing food, but with the use of plows and animals. Time Line of Societies Section 3

45. Agricultural Societies (cont.) • Characteristics: • More food per unit of land due to the plow • Animals allow more people to engage in noneconomic activities • Cities built • Other occupations appear Time Line of Societies Section 3

46. Agricultural Societies (cont.) • Political, economic, religious institutions appear • Government replaces the family group • King or emperor rules • Social classes • Economy based on trade Time Line of Societies Section 3

47. Agricultural Societies (cont.) • Monetary system • Separation between religion and government Time Line of Societies Section 3

48. A B C D Which is NOT a true statement about the agricultural society? A.Distinct social class B.Monetary system used C. Wealth and power based on land ownership D.Nomadic society Section 3

49. Section 3-End

50. The Industrial Revolution created a new type of society, called the industrial society. Characteristics that distinguish this society from all earlier ones include the growth of large cities and a wide-spread dependence on machines and technology. Postindustrial society has a predominately white-collar labor force that is concentrated in service industries. Social instability has been linked to the transition from an industrial to a postindustrial society. Section 4-Preview