Alexander- Empire Builder

1. Alexander-Empire Builder Chp. 5 section 4 Page 128

2. Review • What money did Pericles use to strengthen the democracy and glorify Athens? • Money from the Delian League • How big was Athens’ navy? • 200 ships • What were the 2 types of dramas Athenians enjoyed? • Tragedy and comedy • What was the war between Athens and Sparta called? • The Peloponnesian War • Who won the Peloponnesian War? • Sparta • Who was Socrates’ student and Aristotle’s teacher? • Plato

3. Alexander the Great

4. Philip Builds Macedonia’ s Power • The Peloponnesian war weakened the Greek city-states • Even after war is over, they’re still fighting • Philip II took note of this- had dreamed of taking control of Greece first, then move on to Persia and its riches • Philip also wanted to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece in 490 B.C.

5. The Place….Macedonia • Region just north of Greece • King was Philip http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/32/Idh5pWvr8yU

6. Philip’s Plan • Philip became king of Macedonia at age 23, quickly proved to be a worthy general and leader • Trained special army to defeat Greece • Organized his troops into phalanxes 16 men across and 16 men deep

7. The Warning • Demosthenes (Athenian orator) tried to warn the Greeks the threat Philip and his army imposed • The Greek city-states couldn’t get it together and decide on a policy to defeat Philip • By the time Thebes and Athens banned together to fight, it was too late • They were defeated at the battle of Chaeronea

8. Philip could never see his plan of taking Persia put into action because he was stabbed to death at his daughter’s wedding by a former guardsman • Some say his wife Olympia was the mastermind behind the murder so her son, Alexander, could become king

9. Alexander • Philip’s son, Alexander was proclaimed king • His life long accomplishments give him the name, Alexander the Great • Became king at age 20 • Was well educated in many fields • Inspirations come from heroic deeds of Achilles in the Illiad, even kept a copy under his pillow • Learned how to fight and become a good soldier at early age • At age 8 was able to tame a horse that none of his father’s grooms could manage

10. Don’t mess with Alex! • When Thebes, a central city-state in Greece, rebelled, Alexander destroyed the city killing 60,000, and sold survivors into slavery • Other Greek city-states were frightened of his cruelty and gave up any idea of a rebellion

11. Invasion of Persia • With Greece secure, Alexander was ready to invade Persia • In 334 B.C. he led 35,000 soldiers into the Anatolia • A Persian army of 40,000 greeted them at the Granicus River • Alexander made the first move and crushed the Persian defenses

13. Darius III • Persian King Darius III vows to crush the Macedonians and raises an army of 50,000-75,000 men • The two armies meet up near Issus • Alexander knowing he is outnumbered, orders his men to penetrate through a weak spot and charged at Darius • The frightened king fled, and his army then followed • Victory gave Alexander control over the Anatolia

14. DARIUS III WAS

16. Alexander’s Ambitions Grow • Darius tried to negotiate a peace settlement and offered Alexander the western half of his empire • Alexander’s advisors urged him to accept • Alexander declined and wanted to take it all

17. Egypt • He started first with Egypt, which was a Persian territory at the time • Egyptians saw Alexander as a liberator from the Persians and made him a Pharaoh • Alexander founded the city of Alexandria shortly after

18. BY THE WAY…. • Alexander founded, or conquered 70 cities……and named most of them Alexandria! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvRWUCfAPs0

19. After leaving Egypt, focused on taking Persia’s mainland • Again, Darius collected an army- this time 250,000 soldiers • Two armies met up at Gaugamela

20. Alexander takes Persia • Alexander launched a massive phalanx attack followed by a Calvary charge • As Persian lines crumbled, Darius again, panicked and fled • Alexander’s victory at Guagamela ended Persia’s power • Macedonian troops marched through Persia’s wealthiest provinces unopposed

21. Persian’s fell down before Alexander and made him feel like a god • This flattered Alexander, but made some of his officers jealous • Alexander’s oldest friend and trusted soldier, Cletus, had too much to drink one night and told other soldiers that Alexander was “turning into a Persian”- • Alexander ran a spear through him

22. Finding Darius • Alexander was more interested in making his empire larger than governing it and focused on remote Asian provinces and finding Darius • He finally found Darius- he was dead and had been killed by one of his own men

23. Keeps going… • Even though Darius is dead, and Alexander had conquered the Persian empire, he wants to conquer more land and get to the edge of the continent • Alexander’s army proceeded into central Asia • When reaching the Indus valley, an army of Indians was waiting with 200 elephants

24. ….and going • After beating the Indian army with elephants, Alexander continued another 200 miles • Morale was low • Had been fighting 11 years and marched more than 11,000 miles, enduring torrential rains and grueling deserts

25. While crossing a dry hot desert, everyone was thirsty, some of the men collected water in their helmet to present and offer to their general Alexander saw an opportunity to inspire his men by sharing their hardship and poured out the water, stating if everyone can not drink, than neither will I

26. The end of Alexander • Alexander reluctantly agreed to turn back and returned to Babylon • Alexander announced he wanted to unify his territory by conquering more land and began his plans, but wasn’t able to carry them out • 1 year after his return, he became sick from an illness and died 11 days later, 1 month short of his 33rd birthday • http://awesomestories.com/images/user/1bced58469.gif

27. An Empire Split • Three generals won control over the empire, and became kings of their portion • Ptolemy took Egypt and became a Pharaoh • Antigonus became king of Macedonia and took control of the Greek city-states • Seleucus took most of the Persian Empire, which became known as the Seleucid Empire • All governed with complete power over their subjects

29. Alexander’s Legacy • Alexander’s conquests ended the idea of Greek city-states • Alexander himself adopted Persian dress and customs, and even married a Persian woman- Darius’s daughter! • He included Persians and people from other lands in his army

30. Tribute to Alexander • After Alexander died, followers spent 2 years building an incredible funeral wagon • They kept Alexander’s body smothered in honey to keep his body from decomposing • Once the wagon was finished, they set 1,500 miles west to return Alexander’s body to Macedonia

31. Alexander’s Tomb • Alexander’s body never got to Macedonia • Ptolemy, the General now ruler of Egypt, diverted the funeral procession to Alexandria, Egypt, one of the cities Alexander named for himself • This alone gave Ptolemy better status in the eyes of the Egyptians • His tomb was kept in Alexandria, Egypt for centuries • Where is it now?

32. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OboQ5pyWmsk • http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/expedition-week/3910/Overview#tab-Videos/06053_00 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQfBinQwPGs

33. Assignment: • Create a political cartoon about a part of Alexander’s journey

34. Quotes by Alexander the Great: A tomb now suffices him for whom the whole world was not sufficient.Heaven cannot brook two suns, nor earth two masters.How great are the dangers I face to win a good name in Athens.I am dying from the treatment of too many physicians. I am dying with the help of too many physicians.I am indebted to my father for living, but to my teacher for living well.I am not afraid of an army of lions led by a sheep; I am afraid of an army of sheep led by a lion.I would rather excel others in the knowledge of what is excellent than in the extent of my powers and dominion.Remember upon the conduct of each depends the fate of all.There is nothing impossible to him who will try.