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The Modern Middle East: Origins, Conflicts, and Diplomacy

Explore the intricate history of the Middle East from the collapse of the Ottoman Empire to modern-day conflicts and politics. Delve into Zionism, Arab nationalism, World War I repercussions, and diplomatic maneuvers that shaped the region. Unravel the consequences of the Sykes-Picot Agreement, Balfour Declaration, and mandates that influenced the creation of modern Middle Eastern nations. Understand the complexities of resistance movements, settlements, and nationalist claims that continue to impact the Middle East. Gain insights into the challenges and legacies of the region today.

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The Modern Middle East: Origins, Conflicts, and Diplomacy

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  1. "Peace to End All Peace": The Making of the Modern Middle East

  2. I. Introduction • War and the Collapse of the Ottoman Empire

  3. II. Zionism, Nationalism, and Imperialism A. The Emergence of the Zionist Movement B. The Early Zionists 1. Leo Pinsker, Auto-Emancipation (1882) 2. Theodor Herzl, Der Judenstaat (1896)

  4. II. Zionism 3. The Second Aliyah C. Arab Nationalism?

  5. III. The Outbreak of World War I A. The Guns of August B. Stalemate on the Western Front

  6. IV. War Comes to the Middle East A. Germany Gains an Ally B. The British and French Respond C. Disaster 1. Kut (April 1916) 2. Gallipoli (April 1915-December 1915)

  7. V. Diplomatic Maneuverings A. The Amir Husayn 1. The Husayn-McMahon Correspondence (1916) • Zionists • Balfour Declaration (1917)

  8. V. Diplomatic Maneuverings C. France, Russia, and Britain 1. Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916)

  9. VI. Allied Victory • Palestine/Syria (1917-1918) • Iraq (1918) • Armistice (October 1918)

  10. VI. The Making of the Modern Middle East A. Versailles, 1919 1. Wilson’s 14 Points • San Remo (April 1920) • Mandates 2. Turkey

  11. VI. The Making of the Modern Middle East • Resistance 1. Egypt and Iraq 2. French Syria 3. Turkey

  12. VI. The Making of the Modern Middle East • The “Settlement of 1922” • Turkey • Syria and Lebanon • Hashemite Iraq and Jordan • Kuwait

  13. VI. The Making of the Modern Middle East 4. British Palestine 5. Egypt 6. The Hejaz 7. Competing Nationalist Claims

  14. Sykes-PicotAgreement

  15. Theodor Herzl

  16. The Post-Ottoman Middle East

  17. VII. Conclusion • Today’s Problems

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