The Executive Branch

1. The Executive Branch 45th President of the United States

2. Bell Ringer Brainstorm about what a president actually does. What are some limits on presidential power? Is the President the most powerful person in the country? Why or why not?

3. Standard Overview SSCG10 Demonstrate knowledge of the executive branch of government. a. Cite the formal qualifications listed in the Constitution for President of the United States. b. Describe informal qualifications common to past presidents. c. Identify term of office and describe the line of succession (e.g., 20th, 22nd, and 25th amendments). d. Analyze the role of the Electoral College in electing the President and the clarification provided in the 12th Amendment. e. Distinguish between the roles of the President, including Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, chief executive, chief agenda setter, chief of state, chief diplomat, and party leader.

4. Donald J. Trump 45th President, elected in 2016 Businessman Celebrity Republican The President of the United States

5. Presidential Qualifications • The Constitution sets 3 requirements for the president: 1. a candidate must be a natural-born citizen 2. at least 35 years old 3. a resident of the United States for 14 years • Each President may serve a maximum of two full terms, not to exceed 10 years.

6. Qualifications and Characteristics Past political experience as a House member, Senator, or Governor Name recognition Protestant religion Pleasant and healthy appearance Married Attractive family Well-developed speaking ability Charismatic Male College-educated with degrees in law or business White From larger states – New York, California, Texas, Illinois

7. Presidential Succession • The 20th Amendment of the United States Constitution sets the dates at which federally elected offices end and identifies who succeeds the President if he or she dies. It was ratified in 1933. The terms of the President and Vice President end on January 20th at noon, and if the President dies, the Vice President fulfills the role of President. • The 22nd Amendment limits to two terms. Before this, George Washington set a precedent of two presidential terms. FDR was the only president elected to more than 2 terms – he was elected 4 times.

8. Presidential Succession • The 25th Amendment established the order of succession to the presidency: • vice president • Speaker of the House • president pro tempore of the Senate • secretary of state • other cabinet members • The 25th Amendment also set forth rules to be followed if a president becomes disabled and spelled out what happens when the vice presidency is vacant.

9. Example: RICHARD NIXON Nixon elected 1968 & 1972 1ST V. P. Spiro Agnew resigned because of income tax evasion Nixon appointed Gerald Ford VP Nixon Resigned because of Watergate scandal Ford is President -ONLY President NEVER to be elected to Office of Presidency. Ford appoints Nelson Rockefeller VP

10. Presidential Succession

11. Mike Pence 48th Vice President of the United States Former Governor of Indiana Republican The Vice President

12. Electoral College • The Electoral College is comprised of electors from each state. Each state has as many electors as the number of House of Representative members plus Senators representing that state. • 538 electoral votes are available (3 for DC), a candidate needs 270 to win the office • The framers of the Constitution agreed that the President should not be elected directly by the people. The small states feared that they would never have any real power in helping to elect the president.

13. Electoral College • In early times, each individual ran for President; there was not a joint ticket where both Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates ran together as a team. • The 12th Amendment provides for the election of the President and Vice President by the Electoral College • After the ratification of the 12th Amendment, the Presidential candidate and his/her running mate for Vice President run as a team. • Each state casts one vote. If no one candidate receives at least 26 votes, the decision then goes to the Senate. The Senate decides from the top two candidates, and a majority vote is required.

14. Criticisms of the Electoral College • A candidate can actually win the popular vote and still lose the election. (this has occurred 5 times – J.Q. Adams in 1824, R. Hayes in 1876, B. Harrison in 1888, and G.W. Bush in 2000, Donald Trump 2016). • A strong third party candidate could keep a candidate from winning the number of votes needed for election.

15. Vocabulary Pg. 200 All terms except names of people, presidential succession act of 1947, president pro temp, and impeach 12 terms in total Bring up for daily grade by the end of class

16. Bell Ringer What are the constitutional requirements to become President? What is the significance of the 23rd and 24th amendments? What are the first 4 lines of succession after the President leaves office?

17. Standard Overview SSCG11 Explain the functions of the departments and agencies of the federal bureaucracy. b. Explain the functions of the President’s Cabinet.

18. The Cabinet Departments • A civilian that works for the federal government is called a bureaucrat or a civil servant. • The 15 executive departments are a major part of the federal bureaucracy and are headed by secretaries and staffed with assistant secretaries, deputy secretaries, and directors of major units. • All Cabinet leaders are referred to as Secretary except the leader of the Justice Department: The Attorney General

19. Selection of the Cabinet • The president must consider whether potential cabinet members’ backgrounds suit their cabinet posts, whether they bring geographical balance to the cabinet, whether they satisfy interest groups, whether they have high-level administrative skills, and whether they include ethnic and racial minorities and women. • The Senate must approve cabinet appointees, and it usually does so out of courtesy to the president. • There are 15 major executive departments in the Cabinet

20. Role of the Cabinet • Cabinet members are heads of the executive departments. • Influence the president’s decisions on matters related to their departments’ areas of interest. • Certain cabinet members—the secretaries of State, Defense, and Treasury, plus the Attorney General—form the “inner cabinet”

21. The Cabinet Departments

22. Impeachment SSCG9: Explain the impeachment and removal process and its use for federal officials as defined in the U.S. Constitution.

23. Impeachment • Impeachment is the formal accusation of wrongdoing or misconduct by the President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the United States.

24. Only 2 Presidents have been impeached (brought up on charges of criminal wrong doing)1. Andrew Johnson – violated the Tenure of Office Act by removing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton during the reconstruction era.2. Bill Clinton - lying under oath during the investigation of his relationship with a white house intern. Known as PerjuryNeither was removed from officeImpeachment proceedings start in the House.The trail takes place in the Senate. Verdict of Guilty or Not.Richard Nixon resigned before he was impeached

25. Georgia Standards of Excellence • SSCG10 Demonstrate knowledge of the executive branch of government. • e. Distinguish between the roles of the President, including Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, chief executive, chief agenda setter, chief of state, chief diplomat, and party leader.

26. Presidential Roles • The President has 8 major roles. • As head of state: - represents the nation at ceremonial functions; - is considered more than a politician, but rather a symbol of the entire United States. • As chief executive: - influences how laws are executed through executive orders, presidential appointments, removal of appointed officials, also grants pardons, reprieves, or amnesty.

27. President as Chief of State • Entertaining the leaders of the Republic of India at an official state dinner. • Pardoning the Thanksgiving Turkey.

28. Chief Executive • President Obama signing a bill into law.

29. Presidential Roles (cont.) 3.As chief legislator, the president: - proposes legislation to Congress, usually in the State of the Union Address, his annual address to Congress. 4. As economic planner, the president: - promotes high employment, production, and purchasing power; and is required to prepare the federal budget each year.

30. President as Chief Legislature • The State of the Union Address

31. Presidential Roles (cont.) 5. As party leader: - helps raise party funds and plan campaign strategies; 6.As commander in chief: - makes key military policy decisions; supports war efforts on the home front during wars; uses the armed forces to end disorders or give aid in natural disasters.

32. President as Party Leader • The President at the Republican National Convention.

33. President as Commander in Chief • The President meeting with soldiers.

34. Presidential Roles 7.As chief diplomat: - directs foreign policy and oversees foreign affairs information agencies; has power to make treaties, with Senate approval; may make, without congressional approval, executive agreements having the force of treaties with foreign nations; has the power to recognize foreign governments. Clinton with a leader of Pakistan.

35. President as Chief Diplomat • Reagan with Soviet President Gorbachaf. • Obama with Chinese Foreign Minister.

36. Presidential Roles • Chief Agenda Setter • scheduling the agenda for the State of the Union address, determining policy initiatives of the government, setting the budget, and deciding on priorities for legislation to be supported by the executive branch.

37. All the living Presidents

38. Other Past Presidents

39. Presidents back in the day

40. Presidents in Chairs

41. Bell Ringer • What are some examples of presidential actions under his role of chief legislator? • Chief executive? • Chief of State? • Chief of Party?

42. The Federal Bureaucracy SSCG11 Explain the functions of the departments and agencies of the federal bureaucracy. a. Compare and contrast the organization and responsibilities of independent regulatory agencies, government corporations, and executive agencies.

43. The Federal Bureaucracy A bureaucracy is a large, complex administrative structure that handles the everyday business of an organization The Federal Bureaucracy is by far the largest organization of any form in the United States.

44. Independent Agencies • The federal bureaucracy includes over 100 independent organizations whose heads are appointed by the president. • Some agencies such as the Central Intelligence Agency and the General Services Administration provide services directly for the executive branch. • Government corporations are independent agencies that directly serve the public, such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the United States Postal Service.

45. Regulatory Commissions • make rules for businesses and industries that affect the public interest; • are often under intense pressures from the groups they regulate and their lobbyists; • have become more limited in their powers because critics have complained that they over regulate the economy; • were the subject of regulatory reform by the Republican Congress in the mid-1990s. • The federal government has increased regulation under the Obama administration.

46. Regulatory Commissions

47. Executive Agencies • Executive agencies are organized much like the Cabinet departments but are not part of the President’s Cabinet. • They are given extremely important public tasks to perform, such as NASA. • They range in size; some of the smaller executive agencies include: The Civil Rights Commission and The National Transportation and Safety Board.

48. Bell Ringer What is an independent regulatory commission? Give an example. Why is it important that these entities be independent from the leadership of the executive branch? What is a government corporation? Give an example.

49. Standard Overview SSCG12 Describe the tools used to carry out United States foreign policy, including diplomacy and treaties; economic, military, and humanitarian aid; and sanctions and military intervention.

50. Foreign Policy The President, the nation’s chief diplomat and commander in chief of its armed forces, has traditionally carried the major responsibility for both the making and conduct of foreign policy. Foreign policy is all the actions and stands that a nation takes in its relations with other nations.