What are the steps involved in producing a sweater, from sheep to finish product?

1. In what years do you think the following items were invented? List each item along with the year, based on what you know at this moment. NO GOOGLING!!!!

2. What are the steps involved in producing a sweater, from sheep to finish product?

3. WARM UP ACTIVITYARE YOU A “PRODUCT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?1. What time did you get our of bed this morning?2. Who or what awakened you this morning?3. Did you eat a breakfast? Was an appliance used in any way to facilitate your breakfast? Explain.4. How far from school do you live? How did you get to school? When do you need to leave the house in order to be at NPHS on time?5. How is the school day at NPHS structured? Explain.6. What will you do at the end of the school day? Where will you go…what will you do…when will that “activity” end?7. What time do you plan to eat dinner this evening? With whom will you eat dinner? Where do you plan to eat dinner? Will an appliance be used in any way to facilitate your dinner? Explain8. What will you do after dinner? Will you use any electronic equipment after dinner? What time will you go to bed?

4. Industrial Revolution • Pre-Industrial Society • Mostly rural • Agriculture based on 3 field system w/ one fallow field each year • Forces for change • Growing population • Need for more food

5. Agrarian Improvements • Enclosure movement • Fencing around landowners property • Landowners gained wealth; peasants became poorer • Crops could vary without having to conform to the rest of the village • Crop Rotation • Rotate crops among fields to restore nutrients to the soil • No more fallow fields • More crops, more food, more people • Advancements in farming tools – seed drill • New crops – corn and potato

6. New Methods • Agriculture • Jethro Tull and crop seeding • No more scattering of seeds • Evenly spaced rows and varying depths • Sheep breeding • Only breed the best • Produced healthier, heavier lambs = more meat

7. Dev. Of Capitalism and Early Industry • Cottage Industry/Domestic System • 1st seen in textiles • Merchants supply the wool & cotton; Women spin that into cloth at home • Effects • Large income for new merchant class • New income for peasants • Familiar products now cheaper due to division of labor and specialization • Goal of industrial production • lessen the unit cost of production through improved technology • Capitalism offers incentive to the growing industries

8. The Rise of the Factory • Cottage Industry couldn’t keep up with demand for textiles • Development of new machines too big to fit in the home • Dev. Of Water frame • water as a source of energy • All early factories located on water • An entrepreneur gathered hundreds of workers under one roof • Paid on a single pay scale • Worked on a single, repetitive part of the production process • All decisions in the hands of the employer who controlled the factory • Other power sources: coal and iron

9. Why Britain?-The Birthplace of the Revolution • Geography • Good climate, natural resources, separate from Europe and European conflicts • Government • Encouraged trade, allowed peasants to move, funded canals and roads • Social Factors • Society less rigid, allowed for elevation • Colonial Empire • Supplied raw materials and markets for goods • Avoided the damage of the Napoleonic Wars • Advantages of Industrializing 1st • No competition and monopoly on technology • Effects of Textile Factories in Great Britain • Prices of mass produced items were lower • More jobs • Increased population • Urbanization • Immigration

10. Steam Energy • James Watt (1760s) • Dev. as a response to the need for more power • Factories can now be located away from water • Requires coal • Increased mining, led to more jobs • Iron industry develops • Machinery, railways • Later leads to steel and the modernization of building • By 1860s, industry had spread to Belgium, France, Prussia, Italy, and the U.S.

11. Spread of the Industrial Revolution • Industry spread slowly during the 18th & early 19th centuries • No other country had England’s combination of advantages • England protected industrial techniques as state secrets • Napoleon’s wars prevented Europe from industrializing

12. Advancements • Transportation • Paved roads • Canals • Railroads (1829) • The result of steam power • Effects: cheaper transportation, increased profit, fueled other industries including coal, iron, steel, tourism • Engine – Daimler (1885) • Planes – Wright brothers (1903) • Communication • Telegraph – Morse (1837) • Telephone – Bell (1876) • Electricity • Edison – factories can now run at night

13. Inventions • Thomas Edison • Light bulb • phonograph • Alexander Graham Bell • Telephone • Marconi • radio

14. Inventions • Henry Ford • Assembly line • Wright Brothers • plane

15. Inventions • Pasteur (bacteria) • Lister (germ killing antiseptics)

16. Inventions • Darwin (theory of evolution) • Mendel (genetics) • Mendeleev (Periodic Table) • Marie Curie (Radioactive elements)

17. Ideas • Pavlov (psychology) • Freud (psychoanalysis) • Mass culture • Movies • Plays • Music halls • Sports • Olympics reintroduced in 1896

18. Moving into the cities for work and better pay than on the farms 1800s population explode in cities Factories developed around available resources Urbanization

19. Problems • No sewers, dumps, drains • Single living area with large families in one room • Sickness and disease: cholera • Life expectancy 17yrs • Long work days • 14+ hour days, 6 days a week • Child labor

20. Impact of Industrialization on Society • Dev. Of a working class • Poor factory conditions led to change in labor laws • Child labor • Inequality of labor • Dev. of Big Business, Corporations, Business Cycle • Led to organized labor and labor unions • Socialism and Communism • Karl Marx – history is a class struggle between the haves and the have-nots. Few wealthy business people while the majority of the people were poor • The working class should seize control • The society as a whole would own everything

21. Reforming • Laissez-faire: owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference from the government. • Came from French Enlightenment philosophers • “let people do as they please”

22. Adam Smith • Professor from Scotland • Idea of free economy (free markets) • The Wealth of Nations • Economic liberty guarantees economic progress • Law of self-interest • Law of competition • Law of supply and demand

23. Karl Marx • German journalist • Wrote The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels • Bourgeoisie (haves) and proletariat (have-nots) • All means of productions owned by the people • No private property • All goods shared

24. The Industrial Revolution • Economic Effects • New Inventions and development of factories • Rapidly growing industry in the 1800’s • Increased production and higher demand for raw materials • Growth of worldwide trade • Population explosion and expanding labor force • Exploitation of mineral resources • Highly developed banking and investment system • Advances in transportation, agriculture, and communication

25. The Industrial Revolution • Social Effects • Increase in population of cities • Lack of city planning • Loss of family stability • Expansion in the middle class • Harsh conditions of laborers including children • Worker’s progress versus laissez faire economic attitudes • Improved standard of living • Creation of new jobs • Encouragement of technological progress

26. The Industrial Revolution • Political Effects • Child Labor laws to end abuses • Reformers urging equal distribution of wealth • Trade union formed • Social reform movements, such as utilitarianism, utopianism, socialism and Marxism • Reform bills in Parliament and Congress

27. Following is a list of key events and dates of the Industrial Revolution.  What do you think the top invention of the Industrial Revolution is?  Put a picture of the invention and tell me why you think this invention is important to the world.  Also look up the invention and tell me one interesting fact about the invention.  Robert Fulton