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NOTABLE EVENTS AND DISASTERS OF 2014 HIGHLIGHTS OF FLOODS

This article highlights the global natural hazard continuum of floods in 2014, including causes, patterns, and notable flood events such as the mudslide in Washington, Tsunami in Chile, and Typhoon Hagupit in the Philippines. It also explores the impact of floods on structures, health, erosion, and groundwater contamination.

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NOTABLE EVENTS AND DISASTERS OF 2014 HIGHLIGHTS OF FLOODS

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  1. NOTABLE EVENTS AND DISASTERS OF 2014HIGHLIGHTS OF FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. 2014: FLOODS ARE A GLOBAL NATURAL HAZARD CONTINUUM • FLOODS • SEVERE WINDSTORMS • EARTHQUAKES • DROUGHTS • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • ETC.

  3. FLOODS • Floods occur somewhere in the world 10,000 times or more each year.

  4. FLOOD-INDUCED LANDSLIDES • Many of the global flood occurrences also trigger landslides, mudslides, mudflows, and rock falls.

  5. FLOODS • Floods, which can be either slow onset or rapid onset events (i.e., flash floods), occur when a locale can not process the amount of water that it is receiving in a normal manner.

  6. FLOODS occur when water accumulates too rapidly to be processed in the locale from: a) natural events such as rainfall and snow melt, b) storm surge and heavy rain from hurricanes and typhoons, and c) tsunami waves

  7. THE “PINEAPPLE EXPRESS” FLOODS • Pineapple Expressis a non-technical, meteorological term for an “atmospheric river” of moisture from the waters adjacent to the Hawaiian Islands that extend to any location along the Pacific coast of North America.

  8. CAUSES OF RISK LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER FLOODS WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) CASE HISTORIES EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

  9. CAUSES OF DAMAGE WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS STORM SURGE SEVERE WINDSTORMS IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN “DISASTER LABORATORIES” SITING PROBLEMS FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES

  10. CAUSES OF DAMAGE HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF BUILDINGS TSUNAMIS FLOODING “DISASTER LABORATORIES” INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL EVACUATION PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI

  11. NOTE:INUNDATION BECOMES A POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENT WHEN IT a) TRIGGERS LANDSLIDES, b) INTERACTS WITH A COMMUNITY’S BUILDINGS, CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, CROPS, AND c) CREATES A FAVORABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES

  12. 2014: EXAMPLES OF NOTABLE FLOOD EVENTS FLOOD EVENTS Flood-induced Mudslide in Washington After the Iquique, Chile Tsunami After Typhoon Hagupit in The Philippines The “Pineapple Express” in California

  13. FLOOD-INDUCED MUDSLIDE IN WASHINGTON STATE, USA SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 2014

  14. LOCATION MAP

  15. THE 2014 MUDSLIDE • The slide, which occurred on Saturday morning, was triggered by heavy rainfall and reported to be about 25 m (80 feet) deep in some parts.

  16. THE 2014 MUDSLIDE • Officials described the mudslide as "a big wall of mud and debris” that blocked about a mile of State Route 530 near the town of Oso, about 55 miles north of Seattle.

  17. WALL OF MUD MOVED AFTER HEAVY RAINFALL

  18. THE MUDSLIDE

  19. THE MUDSLIDE

  20. NEITHER THE LOCATION NOR THE EVENT WERE A SURPRISE

  21. PRIOR PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES • In 2006 after a smaller landslide occurred on the north fork of the Stillaguamish River, millions of dollars were spent on regional mitigation measures.

  22. PRIOR PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES • In 2010, a report commissioned by the county in order to be in compliance with federal regulations identified the hillside that collapsed Saturday outside of the community of Oso as particularly susceptible.

  23. The 15 million cubic foot mudslide destroyed about 50 homes

  24. PREPARING FOR S AND R

  25. THE DILEMNA FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAMS • The debris pile was about a square mile (2 1/2 square kilometers) and 30 to 80 feet (9 to 25 meters) deep in places, with a surface that includes quicksand-like muck, rain-slickened mud, and ice. • The terrain was difficult to navigate on foot and very treacherous when heavy equipment was brought in.

  26. THE DILEMNA FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAMS • To make matters worse, the debris pile includes other hazards such as fallen trees, propane and septic tanks, twisted vehicles, and countless pieces of shattered homes

  27. --- AND CONTINUING RAINFALL INCREASED THE LIKELIHOOD OF FLASH FLOODS AND ADDITIONAL MUDSLIDES

  28. S AND R: SLOW, DANGEROUS WORK WITH FEW SUCCESSES

  29. 176 MISSING14 DEAD AS OF TUESDAY, MARCH 25

  30. S AND R: SLOW, DANGEROUS WORK

  31. Specialized teams and high-tech equipment — including technology to locate cellphone pings under the wreckage — were deployed

  32. SLOW DANGEROUS WORK

  33. Due to the dangerous environment, as bodies were being discovered underneath the rubble, they are being flown out together in groups each afternoon instead of one at a time in helicopters.

  34. TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP IN IQUIQUE, CHILE APRIL 1, 2014

  35. IQUIQUE, CHILE EARTHQUAKE (April 1, 2014)

  36. IQUIQUE, CHILE: FLOODING FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP

  37. TYPHOON HAGUPIT STRIKES THE PHILIPPINESDecember 6-8, 2014

  38. Typhoon Hagupit made a painfully slow landfall at 11 kph (7 mph) in the Philippines on Saturday, lashing the island of Samar with 200 kph (125 mph) winds and unloading at least 40 cm (16 in) of rain over coastal areas.

  39. Typhoon Hagupit, known locally asTyphoon Ruby, first landed at Eastern Samar on Saturday and moved slowly across the country, bringing heavy rains and strong winds

  40. 3 DAYS OF HEAVY RAINFALL

  41. At least 21 people in the Philippines were killed before Typhoon Hagupit weakened into a tropical storm Monday. The storm forced more than one million people out of their homes and into shelters.

  42. THE “PINEAPPLE EXPRESS” IN CALIFORNIA DECEMBER 11-14, 2014

  43. A weather system fueled by the "Pineapple Express," a long, narrow atmospheric plume that continuously piped moisture from Hawaii into the western United States, started delivering heavy rainfall to the San Francisco area and the entire state on Wednesday.

  44. RAIN, AND MORE RAIN

  45. RAIN-INDUCED MUDSLIDE: PACIFIC COAST HIGHWAY

  46. RAIN-INDUCED ROCK SLIDE: SOME HOUSES BURIED

  47. BEYOND 2014: Communities throughout the world know why it is urgent for their stakeholders to continue working on becoming FLOOD and FLOOD-INDUCED LANDSLIDE DISASTER RESILIENT

  48. Each community knows that it is only a matter of time until the inevitable flood event e occurs that can expose its physical and social vulnerabilities

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