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Addiction and Drug Problems in South Africa

This presentation to the Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Social Development in May 2008 by the Central Drug Authority (C.D.A) addresses the definitions of addiction, substance dependence, and the nature of drug and alcohol problems in South Africa. It emphasizes the serious implications of addiction, the socio-economic consequences for the youth, and the strategies employed to combat these issues.

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Addiction and Drug Problems in South Africa

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  1. C D A THE CENTRAL DRUG AUTHORITYAND THE DRUG PROBLEM IN SAA PRESENTATION TO THEPARLIAMENTARY PORTFOLIO COMMITTEEONSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTPART 1 CDA: May 2008

  2. C D A CONTENTS • A NEW DEFINITION OF ADDICTION • THE NATURE OF THE DRUG PROBLEM IN SA • THE NATURE OF THE ALCOHOL PROBLEM IN SA • SOME SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES FOR THE YOUTH • LINK TO THE CDA MANDATE AND THE NDMP 2006-2011 CDA: May 2008

  3. C D A WHAT IS ADDICTION? • 1918 – A disease affecting a few unfortunates • 1940’s – The results of sin • 1980’s on- A chronic relapsing and ultimately fatal illness with no cure other than abstention CDA: May 2008

  4. C D A WHAT IS ADDICTION? • 2000 – A state of physiological adaptation to the presence of a drug in the body so that the absence of the drug leads to physiological dysfunction which is unpleasant or even life-threatening. • A syndrome at the centre of which is impaired control over a behaviour with loss of control leading to significant harm. CDA: May 2008

  5. C D A WHAT IS ADDICTION? • 2006- A chronic condition of the motivational system in which reward-seeking has become out of control and which leads to significant harm (West: 2006) CDA: May 2008

  6. C D A WHAT IS SUBSTANCE ADDICTION? • A NEW DEFINITION: Substance addiction is chronic, relapsing, out-of-control and significantly harmful reward-seeking behaviour for which there is no cure other than abstention. CDA: May 2008

  7. C D A WHAT IS SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE? • The same as “addiction” only more politically correct. • User-friendly term. • Not a denigrating term • People now move from “state of addiction” to a “non-addictive state” or from being ‘dependent’ to being “non-dependent” • Note that one remains an addict or a dependent but one’s state changes. • There is no cure for substance dependence other than life-long abstinence CDA: May 2008

  8. C D A THE NATURE OF THE DRUG PROBLEM IN SA % OF POPULATION CDA: May 2008

  9. C D A DRUG USERS IN SA IN MILLIONS PROBLEM USERS 235 777 DIRECT COSTS R10bn pa CDA: May 2008

  10. C D A THE NATURE OF THE ALCOHOL PROBLEM IN SA CDA: May 2008

  11. C D A PERCENTAGE AND TYPE OF RECORDED ALCOHOL CONSUMED CDA: May 2008

  12. C D A TOTAL CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL SA’s 10.1 m drinkers EACH drink per year: 196 six-packs of beer, or 62 bottles of spirits, or 220 bottles of wine, or 666 cartons of sorghum beer 20.1 L of pure alcohol per head = Top Ten in the World! CDA: May 2008

  13. C D A THE DRUG PROBLEM: ADULTS UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL • THINK ABOUT: • Binge Drinkers: 37% plus • Monday drivers: 10% drunk • DUI: 7000 deaths per annum • Drug dealers of 18: R100k per day turnover • Dependent of 24: R5000 per day • Link between drug use, HIV/AIDS, TB, violence and crime • Co-dependents: Bankrupt and destitute • Heroin dependents: 2% recovery success • All dependents: 47% plus bipolar CDA: May 2008

  14. C D A ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONGST ADOLESCENTS CDA: May 2008

  15. C D A THE NATURE OF THE ALCOHOL PROBLEM IN SCHOOLS 9 TOTS/1 L WINE/2L BEER DAILY/WEEKENDS ? ? COST TO COUNTRY? (After Parry) THE DRINKERS’ PYRAMID CDA: May 2008

  16. C D A LIFETIME SUBSTANCE USE BY LEARNERS Youth Risk Behaviour 2002 CDA: May 2008

  17. C D A • YOUNG SUBSTANCE USERS AND POTENTIAL HARM • Crime and violence • Accidents and injuries • Risky sexual behaviour/unplanned pregnancies/STI’s/HIV and AIDS • Learning problems • Mental and physical health problems CDA: May 2008

  18. C D A PERCENTAGE OF USER AND NON-USER LEARNERS REPORTING BEING STABBED Youth Risk Behaviour 2002 CDA: May 2008

  19. C D A PERCENTAGE OF USERS AND NON-USERS REPORTING SEXUAL INTERCOURSE Youth Risk Behaviour 2002 CDA: May 2008

  20. PERCENTAGE OF USERS AND NON-USERS REPORTING EXPULSION Youth Risk Behaviour 2002 CDA: May 2008

  21. C D A THE DRUG PROBLEM: THE YOUTH UP CLOSE AND MORE PERSONAL • THINK ABOUT SCHOOLS & YOUNG OFFENDERS: • Age of Dependence: 12 years and reducing. • School children: 1 in 2 experimented • Drug dealers in schools: Target schools • Increase in injection drug use (IDU) • HIV/AIDS in prisons linked to IDU • Tik :42% to 98% level in Cape treatment centres • SACENDU and ISS: Positive link between drugs and violence • Drug Disguises: Peanuts; tattoos; sweets; cakes; lollipops CDA: May 2008

  22. C D A CONDITIONS NEEDED FOR ADDICTION TO START PEOPLE SUSCEPTIBLE TO ADDICTION SUPPLY DEMAND EXPERIMENTATION CDA: May 2008

  23. C D A CDA STRATEGIES FOR COMBATING ADDICTION CDA: May 2008

  24. C D A CONCLUSION • The drug problem in South Africa is extremely serious, with drug usage at twice the world norm, and • alcohol consumption among the Top 10. • The socio-economic consequences of this cost the country more than Rbn 20 per year. • The CDA integrated strategy is incorporated in the National Drug Master Plan. CDA: May 2008

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