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Understanding Periodic Table: Periods, Groups, and Properties

Learn about Periodic Table families, groups, and periods - their characteristics, organization, and significance in chemistry. Discover the relationship between elements in the same group and period, and understand the periodic law guiding element properties.

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Understanding Periodic Table: Periods, Groups, and Properties

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  1. Notes 5 - Periodic Table Families & Groups

  2. Periods • Period – a horizontal row • There are 7 periods • Shows number of energy levels • Ex. Gold (Au) is in period 6; gold atoms have 6 energy levels

  3. Groups • Group – A vertical column • 18 groups – • left 2 are groups 1 & 2 • right 6 are groups 3 thru 8 • Group shows valence electrons • Ex. Carbon (C) is in group 4; carbon atoms have 4 valence electrons

  4. Periods vs. Groups • Elements in same group  similar chemical properties • Elements in same period  very different properties

  5. Periodic Law • First element in each period – valence of 1 • Protons & electrons increase by 1 each box • Last element in each period – valence of 8 • Helium is only exception – it has 2

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