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The Roman Empire

The Roman Empire. Roman Historians. Pliny the Elder – questionable depictions of emperors Josephus (Jewish) – extra-Biblical information about Jesus Christ Philo of Alexandria Seneca. Julius Caesar, pre-empire dictator. Assassination of Caesar. 44 BC – the Ides of March (3/15)

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The Roman Empire

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  1. The Roman Empire

  2. Roman Historians • Pliny the Elder – questionable depictions of emperors • Josephus (Jewish) – extra-Biblical information about Jesus Christ • Philo of Alexandria • Seneca

  3. Julius Caesar, pre-empire dictator

  4. Assassination of Caesar • 44 BC – the Ides of March (3/15) • Killed by senators including Brutus

  5. Octavian • Julius Caesar’s great nephew • JC adopted him • After JC assassinated, gathered armies and marched on Rome • Marc Antony blocked his adoption • Cicero spoke out against Marc Antony, Octavian elected proconsul • Second Triumvirate formed

  6. Second Triumvirate • Formed in 43 BC • Octavian(later Augustus Caesar) – Sardinia, Sicily Africa • Marc Antony – parts of Gaul • Marcus Aemilius Lepidus – Spain, parts of Gaul • Lepidus favored Antony

  7. Augustus Caesar

  8. Breakup and war • Marc Antony left his wife (actually Octavian’s sister) and falls for Cleopatra • 2nd Triumvirate over in 33 BC • Augustus accuses Antony of allying with Egypt to overthrow Rome • Battle of Actium – Antony defeated, he and Cleopatra commit suicide

  9. Rule of Augustus Caesar • 27 BC – 14 AD • Jesus Christ in the New Testament refers to “Caesar” (Augustus Caesar) • “PaxRomana” – Roman peace • Fire-fighters in Rome • Peace with Parthians • Praetorian guard • Road system, courier system

  10. Julian-Claudian Dynasty • Tiberius 14-37 AD – Pliny the Elder called him “gloomy” • Caligula 37-41 AD – divinity, Incitatus, assassinated by senators and Praetorian guard, Mauretania • Claudius 41 – 54 AD – Caligula’s uncle, cozy with Senate, mentioned in Acts, Britannia • Nero 54-68 AD – Great Fire in 64, avoided assassination

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