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Every atom in your body originated from the cosmos. Atoms form from elements created in stars and nebulae, composed of gases and dust. Key elements like carbon and oxygen are part of your makeup, forming from the remnants of ancient stars. Our Earth and its moon share a complex composition, shaped by processes such as accretion and collisions. Scientists study Earth's inner layers via seismic waves and geological observations. This knowledge can deepen our understanding of planetary formation and the similarities between Earth and other celestial bodies.
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Review Describe the origin of the atoms that form you Identify at least 2 elements you are made of
Vocabulary • lithosphere • mantle • core • crust • composition • satellite • density
Your Goals • You should be able to: • Describe how planets and moons are formed (Level 3-4) • Describe the composition of our planet and moon (Level 3-4) • Describe how scientists study the Earth‘s interior • (Level 3-4) • Discuss the similarities between the formation of planets, moon, and galaxies (Level 5-6) • Compare the composition of our Earth to the composition of rocks found on Earth (Level 5-6)
Planet Formation • Planets are formed out of a nebula • Nebulas are composed of gas & dust which contain all of the elements that will form the planets • Nebula collapses under gravity • Flattens out into a disk • Material begins to collide and stick together – the larger the clumps become the more material they attract
Inner versus outer planets • Gas in the inner part of the solar system goes into the formation of the sun • the inner planets are generally rocky and smaller • Outer planets are composed of more gas and ice because of the cooler temperatures Summarize and compare
Satellite Formation (Moon formation) • There are 170 known moons in our solar system • Ganymede: The largest known moon, and 9th largest body in the solar system (it's bigger than the planet Mercury!) • Europa: Has a crust made largely of ice, and there is speculation that there may be a liquid ocean underneath it. It is possible that Europa is the largest store of liquid water that we know of (yes, even above the Earth), and is arguably the best bet for finding life on another body in our solar system. • Io: The most volcanically active body in the solar system (including the planets!) • Titan: Has an atmosphere thicker than Earth's: mostly nitrogen (about 95 percent) and methane (about 5 percent) • Triton: The only large moon in the solar system to have a retrograde (opposite) orbit around its parent. • Our moon (Luna): the largest moon in the solar system relative to its parent planet. • Formations • Accretion– same way planets are formed (Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto) • Capture- gravitational capture of a large body (Phobos and Deimos) • Giant impact theory – collision and expulsion of material (our moon) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dw_Y_gujBwU Summarize and compare
Earth & Lunar Composition Other: trace elements such as titanium, uranium, thorium, potassium, and hydrogen • Similarities & Differences? • Why are the materials where they are? • What would most rocks be made of? Explain.
How do we know about the Earth‘s interior? • Direct observation of rocks that formed in the interior • Seismology – velocity and path of seismic waves thru the Earth http://www.brainpickings.org/index.php/2010/10/11/the-scale-of-the-universe/ Summarize
