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Describing Species

Describing Species. Rathachai Chawuthai. Reference. Agenda. Taxonomy Species Changing Etc. Taxonomy. Taxonomy. Kingdom Phylum / Division Class Order Family Genus Species. Example. Example. Scientific Name. Naming Genus + Species Example Descriptive name

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Describing Species

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  1. Describing Species RathachaiChawuthai

  2. Reference

  3. Agenda • Taxonomy • Species • Changing • Etc.

  4. Taxonomy

  5. Taxonomy • Kingdom • Phylum / Division • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  6. Example

  7. Example

  8. Scientific Name • Naming • Genus + Species • Example • Descriptive name • Rattusvillosisimus: the hairest rat • Geographic name • Liliumcandense: Canada lily • And Etc.

  9. Species

  10. Species Concept • Species are the most inclusive population of individuals having the potential for phenotypic cohesion mechanisms, i.e., mechanisms that limit the population boundaries by the action of such basic microevolutionary forces as gene flow, natural selection and genetic drift.(Templeton, 1989)

  11. New Species Found !!! • Community Studies and Surveys • Behavior Differences • E.g. Frogs which are similar but have different sound level • Genetic Evidence (Chromosomal and Molecular) • Same finches in different islands cannot breed

  12. Changing

  13. Because Growing of knowledge and naming rule Become CHANGE Synonym? Horse Frog

  14. Types of Change • PerspectivesTowards a language for mapping relationships among taxonomic concepts • N. M. Franz1 • Department of Biology, PO Box • 9012, University of Puerto Rico, • Mayag¨uez, PR 00681, USA • R. K. Peet • CB 3280, Coker Hall, University • of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, • NC 27599-3280, USA • journals.cambridge.org • SubmittedMarch 2008 • AcceptedJune 2008

  15. Changes of Concept

  16. Changes of Concept

  17. Changes of Concept

  18. Name Change • Is a new name for • FrustuliaovalisKützing1833is a new name for Naviculaamphora Ehrenberg 1832

  19. Spelling • Is spelling sequence for • Ancistrusmacropthalmusis spelling sequence forAncistrusmacrophthalmus • Is correct spelling sequence for • Ancistrusmacrophthalmusis correct spelling sequence forAncistrusmacropthalmus

  20. Homonymy • Is a homonym of • EriococcusmancusFerris, 1955is a homonym ofEriococcusmancus(Maskell, 1897) • Is a junior homonym of • EriococcusmancusFerris, 1955is a junior homonym ofEriococcusmancus(Maskell, 1897) • Is a senior homonym of • Eriococcusmancus (Maskell, 1897) is a senior homonym ofEriococcusmancusFerris, 1955

  21. Synonymy • Is a synonym for • ApiomorphanuxFuller, 1896is a synonym forApiomorphapharetrataScharder, 1863 • Is a junior synonym for • ApiomorphanuxFuller, 1896is a junior synonym forApiomorphapharetrataScharder, 1863 • Is a senior synonym for • ApiomorphapharetrataScharder, 1863is a senior synonym forApiomorphanuxFuller, 1896

  22. Types of Change • Nomencurator: a nomenclatural history model to handle multiple taxonomic viewshttp://www.nomencurator.org/TLM.html(Website) • Describing Species (Book) • Taxonomic Changeshttp://www.ornitaxa.com/SM/TaxChanges.html(Website) • Preliminary design document for taxon names and conceptshttp://software.speciesfile.org/Design/NamesAndConcepts.aspx(Website) • Why names change: the new thinking in taxonomyhttp://florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/articles/dryandra-banksia/why_names_change.php(Website)

  23. tHREE LAYERS mODEL

  24. Changes of Classification • Splitting • MergeAmaurospiza and Cyanocompsainto Cyanoloxia • Merging / Lumping • MergeAmaurospiza and Cyanocompsainto Cyanoloxia

  25. Changes of Classification • Promoting • Promote Canisarctos(subspecies of Canis lupus)to be a species under genus Canis • Demoting • DemoteHordeumleporinum(of genus Hordeum)to be subspecies of Hordeummurinum • Changing higher taxon • GenusArchipetalia(from family Neopetaliidae)to be under family Archipetaliidae

  26. Onotlogy • The ontology of biological taxa • Stefan Schulz, Holger Stenzhorn, and Martin Boeker • http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/13/i313.full.pdf

  27. Onotlogy • TaxMeOnTowards a language for mapping relationships among taxonomic concepts • N. M. Franz1 • Department of Biology, PO Box • 9012, University of Puerto Rico, • Mayag¨uez, PR 00681, USA • R. K. Peet • CB 3280, Coker Hall, University • of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, • NC 27599-3280, USA • journals.cambridge.org • Submitted March 2008 • Accepted June 2008

  28. Summary

  29. ?

  30. http://www.stromboidea.de/?n=Species.PteroceraSimonis and http://www.stromboidea.de/?n=Species.DicrolomaCirrus • http://www.stromboidea.de/?n=Species.StrombusJeffersonia and http://www.stromboidea.de/?n=Species.LobatusCostatus

  31. Animalia • Mollusca • Gastropoda • Stromboidea • Strombidae • Lambis • LambisaccipitrinaRöding, 1798 • Animalia • Mollusca • Gastropoda • Stromboidea • Strombidae • Strombus • Strombus accipiter Dillwyn, 1817

  32. http://bjc.sggw.waw.pl/arts/2011v11n1/9.pdf • http://zipcodezoo.com/Animals/A/Auletobius_fukienensis/ • http://zipcodezoo.com/Animals/A/Auletes_fumigatus/

  33. From Taiwan’s Moss

  34. Page 308 • BarbulaehrenbergiiFleischer 1901 syn. • Hydrogoniumehrenbergii(Lor.) Jaeg. 1880 • =============================================== • GenusBarbula(Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond. 115. 1801) • SubGenusHydrogonium(Müller Hal. Jaeger, 1880) • =============================================== • Deny: Hydrogonium –(SubGenusOf) Barbula • Assert: Hydrogonium –(GenusOf) Pottiaceae • Ref:Zander, R.H. 1993. Genera of the Pottiaceae: Mosses of • harsh environments. New York • “”

  35. Before • Coscinodon (1804) is a sub genus of Grimmia (1801) • 1908: • GrimmiadecalvataCardot, 1908 • 1980: http://arctoa.ru/ru/Archive-ru/17/1coscinodon.pdfDEGUCHI, H. 1979. A revision of the genera Grimmia, Coscinodon and Schistidium (Musci) in Japan. – J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., ser. B, div. 2 16(2): 121-256. • Historically, North American authors have often considered Coscinodon to be a subgenus of Grimmia. Not until the 1980's did they follow the European approach distinguishing these two genera. The separation of these two genera is largely based on the sporophyte • 1943: • Coscinodonjaponicus Sakurai 1943 • 1943: Book p.324 (JJB 19) • Coscinodonjaponicus Sakurai 1943 = GrimmiadecalvataCardot, 1908

  36. Before • Oxyrrhynchiumis SubGenus Of Eurhynchium • Species: Oxyrrhynchiumasperisetum(Müll. Hal.) Broth. M • 1905: http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1639/0007-2745-112.4.786 • Promote:Oxyrrhynchiumas a genus • 1939: • Species: Eurhynchiumasperisetum E. B. Bartram, 1939 • Book p.378 • Eurhynchiumasperisetum= Oxyrrhynchiumasperisetum

  37. Before • Genus: Eriopus • EriopusjaponicusCardot & Thér. • 1974: http://www.jstor.org/pss/20150128 • Calyptrochaetareplaced Eriopus • 1979 : P.337(?) & http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-35135324 • Calyptrochaeta japonica Iwatsuki & Noguchi, 1979SynonymEriopusjaponicusCardot & Thér

  38. http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/124/1235997342817-2023.pdfhttp://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/124/1235997342817-2023.pdf

  39. >> P. 391 • 1925 : http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/124/1235997342817-2023.pdf • Genus Porothamnium –(under) SubFamThamnioideae • 1984 : http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/124/1235997342817-2023.pdf • Genus Porothamnium –(under) FamNeckeraceae

  40. >> P.391 • Before : http://www.tropicos.org/name/35000709?projectid=22 • subg. Lescuraea • subg. Pseudoleskea • 1911 : http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/P/Pseudoleskea_incurvata/ • PseudoleskeaincurvataLoeske, 1911 • 1957 : http://www.tropicos.org/name/35000709?projectid=22 • Numerous bryologists (e.g. Lawton 1957) considered Pseudoleskea to be synonym of Lescuraea • Lescuraea Accept • 1957 : http://www.tropicos.org/Name/35139429 • Lescuraeaincurvata(Hedw.) E. Lawton

  41. 1902 • RhaphidostegiumlutschianumBroth. & Paris • 1968 • Rhaphidostichumlutschianum (Broth. & Paris) Seki • RhaphidostegiumlutschianumBroth. & Paris  Basionym • >> P.397 • Rhaphidostichumlutschianum (Broth. & Paris) SekiSynonymRhaphidostegiumlutschianumBroth. & Paris

  42. From OTHERS

  43. http://www.internationaldovesociety.com/SeedSpecies/newworldnamechanges.htmhttp://www.internationaldovesociety.com/SeedSpecies/newworldnamechanges.htm • Patagioenas, Chloroenas, Lepidoenas, and Oenoenaspresently • listed as synonyms under Columba and remove these citations from • the synonymy of Columba. • Columba cayennensisto Patagioenascayennensis • Columba speciosato Patagioenasspeciosa • Columba squamosato Patagioenassquamosa • Columba leucocephalato Patagioenasleucocephala • Columba flavirostristo Patagioenasflavirostris • Columba inornatato Patagioenasinornata • Columba fasciatato Patagioenasfasciata • Columba caribaeato Patagioenascaribaea • Columba subvinaceato Patagioenassubvinacea • Columba nigrirostristo Patagioenasnigrirostris

  44. http://florabase.dec.wa.gov.au/articles/dryandra-banksia/ • The Western Australian Herbarium has recently changed the names of all species of Dryandra to an equivalent name in Banksia, to reflect a taxonomic change in which the two genera have been merged into one • new name in Banksia (e.g. Banksiasessilis)

  45. http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop372.html • merged the genus Idioptilon ("Tody-Tyrant") into Hemitriccus

  46. http://www.aou.org/checklist/suppl/AOU_checklist_suppl_44.pdf (1) • (1) one species is added to the main list because of splittingof a species previously on the list (Loxiamegaplaga); • (2) one species replaces another presently on the list because of splitting of an extralimitalform (Picoidesdorsalis); • (3) two genera (Euphonia and Chlorophonia), with their 16 species in our area, are moved from the familyThraupidaeand placed in the subfamily Euphoniinae in the Fringillidae; • (4) three new generic names are inserted in the list because of splitting of genera previously included (Patagioenas,Megascops, and Gymnoglaux), with the consequent change in generic names of 21 species; • (5) one genus is removed from the list (Nyctea) because of its merger with another on the list (Bubo), with the consequent change of the scientifi c name of one species;

  47. http://www.aou.org/checklist/suppl/AOU_checklist_suppl_44.pdf (2) • (6) two English names are changed without change in scientific name (Belcher’s Gull and Rock Pigeon); • (7) the distribution of one species is changed because of the mergerwith it of an extralimital form (Butoridesstriatus); • (8) one species is added to part 2 of the Appendix (Oenoenaschiriquensis); and • (9) changes are made in the endings of 9 species names to bring them into conformity with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (see David and Gosselin 2002)

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