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Weather Factors

Weather Factors. Electromagnetic waves. A form of energy that can move through the vacuum of space. Radiation – the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Non-Visible Radiation. Infrared radiation- wave lengths that are longer than red light (felt as heat)

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Weather Factors

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  1. Weather Factors

  2. Electromagnetic waves • A form of energy that can move through the vacuum of space. • Radiation – the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

  3. Non-Visible Radiation • Infrared radiation- wave lengths that are longer than red light (felt as heat) • Ultraviolet radiation- wavelengths shorter than violet light. (can cause sunburns, skin cancer and eye damage)

  4. Energy in the Atmosphere • 25% of sunlight reflects off clouds • 20% absorbed by gases and particles in atmosphere • 5% reflected by surface back into atmosphere • 50% absorbed by Earth’s surface (some radiates back into atmosphere Only half of the sun’s energy reaches Earth’s surface

  5. Why is the sky blue???

  6. Why are sunsets and sunrise skies orange?

  7. Why is the sky the color it is??? SCATTERING • DAY- gas molecules scatter short wavelengths of visible light (blue and violet) more than shorter wavelengths (orange and red). Scattered light looks bluer. • SUNRISE/SUNSET – light passes through greater thickness of atmosphere. Most blue end of spectrum is removed by scattering. Eyes see mostly red and orange light

  8. Greenhouse Effect

  9. Greenhouse effect • Gases act as a blanket and hold heat in the air. • Keeps Earth at a temperature that is comfortable for most living things.

  10. Heat Transfer • Temperature – the average amount of energy of motion of each particle of a substance (how hot or cold something is) • Thermal energy- the total energy of motion in the particles of a substance • Hot tea in a pot has more thermal energy than hot tea in a cup because it has more particles.

  11. How heat is transferred • Conduction – direct transfer of heat from one substance to another through touching • Convection – transfer of heat by movement of a fluid (liquid or gas) • Radiation- transfer of heat through empty space ( infrared rays)

  12. What is wind?? • Horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure • Anemometer – measures wind speed • Wind chill factor - increased cooling a wind can cause

  13. Local winds • Caused by unequal heating of Earth’s surface within a small area • Sea breeze Land breeze

  14. Coriolis Effect • The way Earth’s rotation makes winds curve • Global winds • Northern Hemisphere curve right • Southern Hemisphere curve left

  15. Humidity – measure of the amount of water vapor in the air • Warm air can hold more water vapor than cool air • Relative humidity – is the percentage of water vapor that is actually in the air compared to the maximum amount if water vapor the air can hold at a given temperature • 10°C – 1 cubic meter of air can hold 8g of water vapor • If has 8g of water vapor – saturated or 100% relative humidity • If has 4g of water vapor – relative humidity is half or 50% • 100% = precipitation • Psychrometer- instrument that measures relative humidity

  16. Evaporation –the process by which water molecules in liquid escape into the air • Condensation- molecules of water vapor in the air become liquid water • Dew point – the temperature at which condensation begins

  17. Clouds

  18. Precipitationany form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth’s surface Rain gauge – an open-ended can or tube that collects rainfall About 10 inches of snow = 1 inch of rain

  19. Drought – long periods of unusually low precipitation • Cloud seeding- a method to modify precipitation by dropping tiny crystals into clouds • Silver oxide and dry ice sprinkled into clouds • Water vapor condenses on the particles forming rain or snow • Not very effective in producing precipitation

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