1 / 11

Breast Milk Composition

Breast Milk Composition. Carbohydrate Lactose is primary CHO in milk higher in breast milk vs cow’s milk Protein casein:lactalbumin (whey) impt. Human milk (40:60) cows milk (80:20) Amino Acids (Breast milk low in phenylalanine and methionine but high in taurine and cystine.

jamieedwards
Download Presentation

Breast Milk Composition

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Breast Milk Composition • Carbohydrate • Lactose is primary CHO in milk • higher in breast milk vs cow’s milk • Protein • casein:lactalbumin (whey) impt. • Human milk (40:60) • cows milk (80:20) • Amino Acids • (Breast milk low in phenylalanine and methionine but high in taurine and cystine

  2. Breast Milk Composition (cont.) • Protein (cont.) • Total protein 0.7 - 0.9 g/100 ml breast milk vs 3.5g/ 100 ml in cow’s milk • Fats • higher in breast milk overall. Specifically in breast milk has more: • cholesterol (CNS myelin sheaths; enzymes) • linoleic acid (essential fatty acid) • carnitine (impt. for fat metabolism) • lipases (enzyme for digestion of fats)

  3. Breast Milk Composition (cont.) • Minerals • Generally lower in breast milk • 6x more P; 4x more Ca and 3x more total ash in cow’s milk (higher renal solute load than breast milk). • However, bioavailability of some minerals higher in breast milk [e.g. Fe (5x higher absorption than cow’s milk), Zinc] Fe is however low in milk and infant needs alternative source after 6 months

  4. Breast Milk Composition (cont.) • Vitamins • variable in breast milk depending on diet and drug use • Vitamin E higher in breast milk than cow’s milk and Vitamin K low in both • RDA for most vitamins greater during lactation than pregnancy except Vit. D & B12 (same); & B6 & Folate (lower)

  5. Breast Milk Composition (cont.) • Anti-Infectious Factors • Bifidus factor, lactobifidus, kills enteropathogenic organisms by the production of lactic and acetic acids • IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD, IgG - bacteria & virus • Lactoferrin (binds iron which bacteria need) • Lysozyme & Lactoperoxidase (bacteria) • Interferon (inhibits viral replication)

  6. Types of Formulas • Home Prepared - evaporated milk • heat, dilute 13 oz can with 18 oz water, add source of kcal e.g. corn syrup, add vitamin C and D (1:2 milk:water) • Commercial (powder or ready mixed) • cow’s milk based • Soy based • special modified Three major producers - Ross, Mead Johnson & Nestle

  7. Lactation (The Baby) • Benefits • Nutritionally superior • Bacteriologically safe • Anti-infectious agents (Bifidus factor, lactobifidus (GIT infection); lactoferrin (iron absorption), immunoglobulins • least allergenic • SIDS reduced • protects against some chronic diseases e.g. obesity • good jaw and tooth development

  8. Lactation (The Baby) • Basic Nutritional Principles for feeding infants • overall goal to produce well- not over-nourished baby using pleasurable realistic strategy for diet which is • Diet adequate, but not excessive • Conducive to sound eating habit dev. • Readily digestible • Have reasonable distribution of calories from C,P, F • Considered within total ecological context

  9. Lactation (The Baby - cont.) • Problems (Poor intake) • poor suck • infrequent feeds • craniofacial abnormalities • parental problems • new nervous parent • physician lack of nutritional info. • Extensive somewhat confusing published info. • Conflicting sources of info.

  10. Lactation (The Baby - cont.) • Medical Problems • colic (20-30% incidence). Cause still unknown ?? Cow’s milk, Iron, gas, parental Treatment with diet, feeding position, sucking period, no alcohol, reassurance • preterm - higher PVM & Kcal . Similac Special Care (Ross) • Biliary atresia - defective bile duct. No bile acids. Fat malabsorption. Treat with Portagen (Ross). 87% Medium Chain Triglycerides

  11. Lactation (The Baby - cont.) • Medical problems (cont.) • Celiac disease - gluten sensitivity. Pregestimil. No gluten and CHO source is dextrose • Disaccharidase deficiency - Pregestimil • Phenylketonuria - cannot digest or utilize phenylalanine. Lofenalac • Diarrhea - Pedialyte, Infalyte • Protein allergy including soy protein- Nutramigen

More Related