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Lactogenesis and Breast Milk Composition

Learn the general information about lactogenesis, the anatomy of the breast, stages of lactation, and the composition of breast milk. Discover how the breast functions and produces milk to nourish infants.

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Lactogenesis and Breast Milk Composition

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  1. Lactogenesis and Composition of Breast Milk

  2. I. General Information A. Embryologically: belong to integument B. Functionally: part of reproductive system C. Modified apocrine sweat glands

  3. II. Anatomy • Position and Attachment • 1. Lateral aspect of pectoral region • 2. Located between ribs 3 and 6/7 • 3. Extend form sternum to axilla • 4. Surrounded by superficial fascia • 5. Rest on deep fascia

  4. Breast Anatomy

  5. Structure, continued … Secretory epithelium a. Changes with hormonal signals b. Onset of menstruation c. Pregnancy (glands begin to enlarge at 2nd month)

  6. Structure, continued … • Vessels & Nerves • 1. Arteries: derived from thoracic branches • a. Axillary arteries • b. Internal mammary arteries c. Intercostal arteries

  7. Vessels & Nerves, continued … • Veins a. form a ring around the base of the nipple (“circulus venosus”) • b. External mammary v to axillary v • c. Internal mammary v to subclavian v

  8. Breast Anatomy, con’t… • Nerve Innervation: derived from: • a. anterior & lateral cutaneous nerves of thorax • b. spinal segments T3 – T6

  9. Lymphatics Subclavian nodes Axillary nodes Parasternal nodes Lateral pectoral nodes

  10. Lactation: four stages Mammogenesis Lactogenesis Galactokinesis Galactopoiesis

  11. Mammogenesis • From 24th week of pregnancy • Growth of ducts and lobuloalveolar systems • Hormonal influences- estrogen, adrenal steroids, progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, adrenal steroids and growth hormone

  12. Lactogenesis I • Begins during pregnancy • Alveoli distend with colostrum Lactogenesis II • Initiation of significant milk secretion at or just after parturition- colostrum • Mature milk secretion begins 30-40 hours postpartum and averages 1-2 ml/g of breast tissue /day

  13. Lactogenesis III • Milk supply is more firmly established- autocrine control system begins • More the milk is removed from the breasts, more the breast will produce milk

  14. Galactokinesis • Ejection of Milk • Suction exerted by the baby during suckling • Contractile mechanism • Draught sensation

  15. Lactation Reflex

  16. Galactopoiesis • Maintenance Of Lactation • Prolactin • Sucking

  17. Composition of Breast Milk (gms/100ml) • Sugar : 7 • Fat : 3.5 • Protein : 1.2 • Minerals : 0.4 • Water : 89 • Calories : 67

  18. ‘Breast fed infants, are Healthy Infants’

  19. THANK YOU

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