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The formation of N.O.W. and Title IX

Senior Seminar. The formation of N.O.W. and Title IX. The President’s Commission on the Status of Women.

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The formation of N.O.W. and Title IX

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  1. Senior Seminar The formation of N.O.W. and Title IX

  2. The President’s Commission on the Status of Women • As part of John F. Kennedy’s New Frontier, he appointed an eleven men and fifteen women commission from leaders in women’s organizations, unions, business, education and politics to comprise the PCSW in 1961 • The commission was chaired by former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt

  3. Proposals of the PCSW- 1963 • Child care tax benefits for lower income working mothers • Improved maternity benefits • Government programs to promote women’s education and job training • Equal pay for equal work • Put women under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 Most of these proposals would have benefited African American and Latino women Few of the proposals passed but renewed attention was given to discrimination of women

  4. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Civil Rights Activists finally resulted in legislation forbidding discrimination on the grounds of race • Feminists lobbied for inclusion of verbiage to protect citizens based on gender • The gender verbiage was not included because it was feared that it would undermine the African American cause

  5. Martin Luther King Jr.’s March on Washington in August, 1963 put pressure on segregationists in Congress to Pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964

  6. National Organization for Women • Failures of the PCSW, the Women’s Bureau and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission teamed with the popularity of The Feminine Mystique, led to the creation of the National Organization for Women modeled after the NAACP in 1966 • "To take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men."

  7. Six priorities of N.O.W. • abortion rights/reproductive issues • violence against women • constitutional equality • promoting diversity/ending racism • lesbian rights • economic justice

  8. Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 • No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance... • —Title 20 U.S.C. Sections 1681-1688

  9. Title IX requirements- schools must self-report to the Department of Education: • Whether the selection of sports and levels of competition effectively accommodate the interests and abilities of members of both sexes • The provision of equipment and supplies • Scheduling of games and practice time • Travel and per diem allowance • Opportunity to receive coaching and academic tutoring on mathematics only • Assignment and compensation of coaches and tutors • Provision of locker rooms, practice and competitive facilities • Provision of medical and training facilities and services • Provision of housing and dining facilities and services • Publicity

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