Lived 1564 - 1616 Wrote 37 plays Romeo and Juliet Julius Caesar Hamlet Othello King Lear Macbeth

2. Lived 1564 -1616 Wrote 37 plays Romeo and Juliet Julius Caesar Hamlet Othello King Lear Macbeth about 154 sonnets Started out performing with “The Lord Chamberlain’s Men” Shakespeare Background Guess which one is the movie version!?!?

3. Most quoted author (alluded to), other than the Bible Called “The Bard” of Avon Background

4. Shakespeare’s Birthplace •  Born in Stratford-on-Avon (about 100 miles outside of London) •  Family was considered affluent by social standards. • Father was a glove-maker and leather tanner. • Father was eventually appointed to an office equivalent to mayor in 1568, but fell to misfortune in 1576 because of debt he owed.

5. Shakespeare’s Grammar School This is the Guild Church and Grammar School where Shakespeare attended school with other boys his age to learn Latin, Greek, drama, poetry and history. Girls did not attend grammar school during this time. Shakespeare began attending public Grammar School at age seven. He already knew how to read and write English—which is amazing since both of his parents were illiterate. Grammar school involved mostly the study of Latin. The typical school day was from 6:30 a.m. - 11:00 a.m.—a two-hour mid-day break—and then back to school from 1:00 p.m. - 5:30 p.m. There were only forty days off per school year.

6. Shakespeare’s Marriage and Children Anne Hathaway shared a house with her brother following the death of both her parents. In a rural community such as this, women tended to marry earlier, and it is likely that the village gossip machine would have been gearing up to turn her unmarried state into an issue when Will came along, and, in 1582, Anne subsequently became pregnant. William was 18 and Anne was 26. They married in November, before the pregnancy was too advanced, in what was probably a Catholic service. Six months after they wed, Anne gave birth to their daughter Susanna. In 1585, twins Judith and Hamnet were born, but Hamnet died at age 11. After William turned 21, there would be no more children for Anne and him. Anne Hathaway died in 1623, having lived just long enough to see a monument built to her late husband at the Holy Trinity Church in Stratford. She is buried in the chancel (the space around the alter at the front of a church) next to him.

7. Shakespeare’s Coat of Arms: “Got to Get Paid, Son” The Shakespeare family had long sought armorial bearings and the status of gentleman. William's father was eligible for a coat of arms and applied to the College of Heralds, but his worsening financial status prevented him from obtaining it. The application was successfully renewed in 1596, when William himself became prosperous at the time. The motto "Non sanz droict" ("Not without right") was attached to the application. The theme of social status and restoration runs deep through the plots of many of Shakespeare’s plays.

8. Shakespeare’s Burial Place Written on Shakespeare’s tombstone: “Good friend for Jesus sake forbear, to dig the dust enclosed here. Blessed by the man that spares these stones, and cursed be he that moves my bones.” Shakespeare's death at the age of 52 will almost surely remain a mystery. We do know, however, that in a world where plague, syphilis, typhus, scurvy, tuberculosis, smallpox, malaria, dysentery and toothaches shortened a Londoner’s life expectancy to 35 years, Shakespeare fared quite well, leading a relatively long and healthy life.

9. The Age of Shakespeare • Elizabethan Era (1485-1660) • Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) • Economy grew quickly • London largest city in Europe • Great supporters of the arts • Drama considered lowest form of literature Judi Dench plays Queen Elizabeth I in the movie “Shakespeare In Love”

10. Rise of Prestigious Playhouses • Change in English Theatre • Traveling theatre company • Met with resistance because of crowds • James Burbage built England’s 1st playhouse • Failed lease negotiation resulted in The Globe Theatre James Burbage

11. Many playwrights with nowhere to “play” Barn turned into theatre Original Globe was 3 stories tall and held about 3000 people. Although most of Shakespeare’s plays were held there, he only owned 12% of the theatre. • The Globe

12. THE GLOBE

13. All classes of people attended plays there. No roof so they had to use sunlight for lighting. Plays had to be performed during the day—no night performances. People often skipped work to go. The Globe was not allowed to be built in the city of London because crowds often became too rowdy. The Globe

14. THE GLOBE

15. The color of flag flying at The Globe informed the public which type of play was being performed that day. Types of Plays • Comedies: light and amusing, usually with a happy ending • Tragedies: serious dramas with disastrous endings • Histories: involve events or persons from history

16. Costumes were often the company’s most valuable asset • Costumes were either made by the company, bought in London, or donated by courtiers, which were people in the upper class. • The Elements of the Theatre and Plays • Costumes

17. The Double Switch! Girl is Boy and Boy is Girl! Acting • Only men were permitted to perform • Boys or effeminate men were used to play the women • It would have been indecent for a woman to appear on stage

18. Will Ferrell is the most famous alumnus of the comedy improvisational group called “The Groundling” based in Los Angeles • Spectators • Wealthy people got to sit on benches • Groundlings, poor people, had to stand and watch from the courtyard • Women not allowed (They had to dress up as men to attend) • Threw rotten vegetables at bad performance • There was much more audience participation than what there is today

19. The way of life was pretty unhygienic during Elizabethan period by today's standards. There was no running water, you did not have indoor toilets, and there was no toilet paper. Instead of toilet paper, people would typically use clumps of grass or hay for cleaning. To top it off, London and other places were overly crowded and this made for a huge mess all the time. The unhygienic conditions along with overpopulation is probably what caused the Bubonic plague and other problems to spread so easily from one person to another. • London During Elizabethan Era • Personal hygiene/health • Poor Sewer System • Bathing was considered dangerous to health • Body odor was strong!

20. London During Elizabethan Era Many childhood diseases Children often died before reaching 5 years old Diseases >>Smallpox Even Queen Elizabeth caught smallpox, but recovered. The scars from the disease were covered with heavy white makeup which was fashionable at the time. • >>Bubonic Plague • Caused by flea bites. This disease killed an estimated 75 million people, 30-60% of the European population. Any pictures of Physicians of the Elizabethan era look very strange and quite frightening. Elizabethan Physicians adopted protective costumes against the disease  in the 16th century. Elizabethan Physicians wore long dark robes with pointed hoods, leather gloves, boots, and the most bizarre masks featuring long beaks which were filled with bergamot oil. Amulets of dried blood and ground-up toads were worn at the waists of the Elizabethan Physicians. It was their custom to douse themselves with vinegar and chew angelica before approaching a victim. Although this might sound pointless today, these precautions would have protected the Elizabethan Physician. The bizarre and gruesome Physician masks would have acted as protection against contracting the disease through breathing the same air as the victim. The cover-all clothing wouldhave protected the Elizabethan Physician from fleas and therefore the Black Death / Bubonic Plague. 

21. London During Elizabethan Era • Bear-baiting • A post would be set in the ground towards the edge of the pit and the bear chained to it, either by the leg or neck. A number of well-trained hunting dogs would then be set on it, being replaced as they tired or were wounded or killed. In some cases the bear was let loose, allowing it to chase after animals or people. • Races • Gambling • Music • Drinking/socializing • Entertainment

22. London During Elizabethan Era One set of clothing used all year long, rarely washed Underclothing was slept in, infrequently changed Clothes handed down from rich to poor • Clothing