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The shared powers between the Presidency and Congress often lead to conflict due to differing interests, checks and balances, and varying political timelines. Congress, with a focus on constituents, often has narrower interests than the President, which can lead to gridlock. Organizational hurdles such as filibusters and the committee system further complicate cooperation. Additionally, party politics can exacerbate tensions, especially when the President and Congress belong to opposing parties. This struggle for power is shaped by laws like the National Emergencies Act and the War Powers Act, highlighting the ongoing balance between executive and legislative authority.
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Sec.3: Shared Powers • A. Working with Congress difficult because: • 1. Constituents and Conflict: Congress has narrower interests (states/districts) • 2. Checks and Balances and Conflict: designed for gridlock/inaction. • 3. Organization a Cause of Conflict: Many weapons to resist President. • a. Rules of procedure (filibuster) • b. Committee system (chairman block)
4. Party Politics as source of Conflict: President and Congress from diff. parties. • 5. Differing political timetables: Pres. only two, four year terms. Reps constantly reelected. Senators can be patient…Reps/Sen have no term limits.
B. Struggle for power: Checks and Balances creates struggle. Pres has grown stronger, Congress has tried to strike back. • a. Pres had emergency powers: 1976 National Emergencies Act ended state of emergency. • b. Budget impoundment and Control Act • 1. Permanent budget committee for each house and Congressional Budget Office to help Congress. • 2. Limited Pres ability to impound funds.
c. War Powers Act • d. Before declared unconstitutional used Legislative Veto.