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Understanding Macromolecules and Lipids in Biochemistry

Learn about the conversion of linear to ring glucose molecules, synthesis of disaccharides and polysaccharides, breakdown of carbohydrates through hydrolysis, and types of lipids like triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, and waxes. Discover the process of making dipeptides, polypeptides, nucleic acids, and DNA molecules through dehydration synthesis. Explore complex carbohydrates and various types of fatty acid tails on triglycerides.

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Understanding Macromolecules and Lipids in Biochemistry

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  1. Macromolecules

  2. Linear glucose molecule Ring glucose molecule • To convert linear to ring: • Remove one of the double bonds to Oxygen • Remove Hydrogen from 5th carbon • Connect First Carbon to Oxygen • Attach Hydrogen to Oxygen

  3. Making a Disaccharide (ex: maltose or sucrose) This is called Dehydration Synthesis (This is a type of covalent bond)

  4. Making a Polysaccharide: (Where would this occur?)

  5. Breaking down a carbohydrate: Where would this occur?? This is called Hydrolysis or Hydration Reaction

  6. Starch and Cellulose: two types of carbohydrates

  7. Four Examples of Complex Carbohydrates (p. 42)

  8. LIPID: Making a Triglyceride by dehydration synthesis Remove these and join Groups 2, 3, and 4 Group 1

  9. Different types of Fatty acid tails on triglycerides Saturated with Hydrogen atoms Ex: butter, lard Saturated One double bond Ex: Nuts and avocadoes Mono unsaturated More than one double bond Ex: omega 3 and 6 (flax, hemp) Poly unsaturated

  10. Trans Fats (a product of hydrogenation)

  11. LIPID: Phospholipid Bilayer – AKA Cell Membrane

  12. LIPID: Cholesterol

  13. LIPID: Waxes

  14. Making a dipeptide: dehydration synthesis Making a polypeptide: dehydration synthesis H2O

  15. Phosphate group sugar nucleotide Nitrogenous base Making a Nucleic Acid: Dehydration Synthesis H2O H2O

  16. DNA Molecule

  17. Concept Map: Example

  18. Concept Map: Example

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