China’s Rise: Will it be Peaceful?

1. China’s Rise: Will it be Peaceful? Orville Schell Colorado Seminar Notes 2012- L1 Introduction to project’s on China’s issues.

2. U.S. & Sino Relations • Love-Hate • Trust- Suspicion • Relations ever since Opium War.

3. Middle Kingdom • China was the Middle of the Universe, neighboring states borrowed their religion and language. • They were the top dogs- no challenges to their power!

4. Opium War Opium War • Europeans attempt to force trade on “Middle Kingdom” • War broke out in 1839-China & Britain-West wins and forced trade with China! • The beginning of Century of Humiliation for the Chinese!

5. After Opium War • Europeans Force Trade Lose of Hong Kong Spheres of Influences-mini colonies These concessions let in missionaries Chinese felt an enormous sense of threat and hopelessness!

6. Invasion by Japan The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937 –1945) was a fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan.

7. 100 Years of Humiliation • A important element in the formation of China’s modern identity has been the legacy of the country’s “humiliation” with China’s defeat in the Opium Wars & shameful treatment of Chinese in America, and Japanese invasion! • Rape of Nanking, was a murder and rape that occurred during the six-week period following the Japanese capture of the city of Nanjing (Nanking),

8. U.S. & Chinese relations before the Cold War! • United States did not have a “Sphere of Influence” in China! • U.S. sided with China against the Japanese in 1930’s. • U.S. – Chinese Relations were good until the Cold War!

9. U.S.- Chinese Relations Time line • Chinese dislike the imperialist (west and Japanese) but recognize they had to learn something from the west. • Tremendous love- hate relationship • Missionaries do good work but condescending to Chinese. • Chinese allies with U.S. during WWII- against Japan. • Mao Zedong wins civil- U.S. –Sino Relations decline!

10. Rise up against the West ! And when the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, Mao Zedong famously declared, “Ours will no longer be a nation subject to insult and humiliation. We…have stood up.”

11. Mao’s Communist Revolution1940s & 50s • Heart and soul of the revolution was anti-imperialism- west and Japanese. • Cultural Revolution- down with America!

12. Korean War & Chinese Communist! • U.S. & Chinese Hostile accounts • Korean War, 100,000 Chinese lost in war. • Vietnam War- seen as united front with China to spread communism. • China is isolated from the west! “American Imperialist Pigs!”

13. Vietnam War- U.S. misconception of communist support by China! Poor U.S. – Sino (Chinese) Relations! Ho Chi Minh was communist, but was not part of a world wide plan to promote communism throughout the world!

14. U.S.- Sino relations improved after the Vietnam War! Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to the People's Republic of China was an important step in formally normalizing relations between the United States and the People’s Republic of China (PRC).

15. Improved relations with Deng Xiaoping & Trade with U.S. U.S. and Chinese trade relations has made both countries economically dependent on each other!

16. Tiananmen Square- 1989 1989- hate relationship again! Tiananmen Square- humiliating moment for the Chinese military. U.S. critical of lack of Human Rights

17. Chinese government says they want a “Peaceful Rise”. • Will China use it’s power in a way that is constructive towards U.S., good chance but not guaranteed. • The U.S. national policy towards China will help to create either a positive or negative environment. • U.S. can influence China’s rise but not control it. • China has a present strategy that many say the U.S can learn from.

18. China is powerful, but does not want…. • China does not want to be “ world leaders” or “police of the world.” • They want recognized as a powerful country & are very proud of their accomplishments! • They do not want to be criticized by the U.S. for lack of democracy or Human Rights Issues!

19. Chinese Premier-Hu Jintao- 2004 • Want to continue to develop their country… • The State will do more for society, more social programs • In return, people should trust & support the govern. • Revitalization of philosophies & religions • Continues economic policies of Deng Xiaoping.

20. Top leaders in China are all engineers- -The MIT of China

21. Trade partner & Economic Power • Chinese communist government has invested in the U.S. economy! • Chinese have also invested in the U.S. Chinese build wind farms in Nevada • They have bought U.S. government bonds, • Foreign exchange invested in the U.S.- #1 is China, #2 is Japan and #3 is England. The U.S. still owns most of its debt, but China is very invested as well.

22. Chinese do not want conflict with the U.S.!!!

23. Why the U.S. should not fear China! The Chinese government has so many problems domestically therefore Chinese leaders are not looking for trouble with the U.S.!! • Demographic problem-since the 1970s China’s birth rate has plummeted while the number of elderly people has risen. • Geography -14 neighbors- issues and conflicts with many neighboring countries. • Corruption: Capitalism run amuck-no FDA no regulatory agencies • Nation State- only about 20% of China is non-Han.Tibetan Issue

24. Problems facing the Communist Party. • Nation State- only about 20% of China is non-Han. Uygers Issue. • Human Rights issues-Repression of free speech & protest for democratic change! • Environmental Problems!

25. Project requirements Visual presentation (some words, but it should be much more visual (video & images) then written) • Must clearly define the issue; good overview of the issues. • Must present at least 2 examples the issue in China. • Should include one video clip! • Must clearly present how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has responded to the issue. • World response to the issue (if applicable)

26. Presentation of Projects • Learning Stations set up in the room • Groups will divide up: half of the group will present during the first round of presentations. • Then they will switch places, so all students will have time to go to each learning station. • Everyone should collaborate & know all sections of the presentation!