1 / 13

Chapter 41

Chapter 41. Rearranging America: FDR and the New Deal 1933–1938. The Pleasant Man Who Changed America. Franklin D. Roosevelt Reputation as nice, but “light” Pampered, sheltered life From rich New York Family Charming socialite? Natural leader Loved by many, hated by others

jacqueline-talley
Download Presentation

Chapter 41

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 41 Rearranging America: FDR and the New Deal 1933–1938

  2. The Pleasant Man Who Changed America • Franklin D. Roosevelt • Reputation as nice, but “light” • Pampered, sheltered life • From rich New York Family • Charming socialite? • Natural leader • Loved by many, hated by others • Roosevelt’s contribution • Confidence gives hope in depression • Decisive, declares bank holiday first day in office • “Second-class intellect” • Attracts talented advisors; flexible

  3. Man Who Changed America (cont.’d) • Eleanor Roosevelt • Unhappy marriage • Roosevelt’s top advisor • Champion of “forgotten” • Pushes Roosevelt to do more • Persuaded black voters to support FDR • Mary McLeod Bethune

  4. The Hundred Days • Crisis of 1933 demands action • During first 100 days of FDR’s presidency, Congress passes major legislation • Emergency Banking Act • Farm Credit Administration • Home Owners’ Loan Corporation

  5. The Hundred Days(cont.’d) • Federal Emergency Relief Administration • Social worker Harry Hopkins heads FERA • Hopkins dislikes handouts • Believes handouts justified in 1933 crisis • Civilian Conservation Corps • Provides army-type jobs to young men • Corps does environmental projects • CCC provides basics; wages go home

  6. The Hundred Days(cont.’d) • Civil Works Administration • Puts 4 million to work • CWA halted due to high costs • Works progress Administration • broadens CWA scope • Hires writers, actors, photographers, artists, etc. • NRA • Relief programs successful, but recovery needed • National Recovery Administration’s recovery measure • Each industry adopts code • Section 7(a) protects labor’s right to unionize • Critics say NRA goes too far with codes • Americans lose enthusiasm for NRA

  7. New Deal – Failures and Successes • Supreme Court • Schecter brothers file suit against NRA • Supreme Court throws out NRA • Little fuss over loss of NRA • Wagner Act replaces Section 7(a) • Agricultural Adjustment Act • AAA subsidizes farmers to produce less • AAA has success at driving prices up • Congress replaces AAA with new program • Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act • New program uses same principles as AAA • New Dealers worried Court will throw out TVA, REA

  8. Failures and Successes (cont.’d) • Tennessee Valley Authority • Constructed dams • Provide flood control, electrification in Appalachia • Brainchild of senator George Norris • Model of economic and social planning • Creeping socialism • Critics think TVA expensive and socialistic • Businessmen form American Liberty League to oppose FDR • Roosevelt asks to “pack” Supreme Court • Congress, public say no • Court mellows, New Deal safe in Court

  9. Populist Spellbinders • Father Coughlin • Wanted monetary system overhauled • Anti-Semitic • Dr. Francis Townsend wanted pensions for elderly • Huey Long wanted to “Share the Wealth” • Threatened to form third party • Roosevelt feared Long would split Democratic vote • Roosevelt decided to co-opt competition • Passed Social Security Act; revised income tax • Roosevelt won in 1936 in landslide against Alf Landon

  10. The Legacy of the New Deal • 1933: New Deal for everyone • 1935: New Deal more for lower classes • New Deal major period of significance • Blacks become Democrats • At first Roosevelt silent on black issues • Eleanor demands he listen to black leaders • Blacks benefit from New Deal programs • Blacks switch allegiance to Democrats

  11. Legacy of the New Deal (cont.’d) • Growth of unions • Roosevelt weds labor to Democrats • Militant unionists required FDR’s support for votes • Unions grow rapidly due to Wagner Act • More bosses accept unions • Labor war • Some bosses still resist unions • Memorial Day Massacre, 1937 • Henry Ford resists United Automobile Workers • Battles continue in Harlan County, Kentucky

  12. Legacy of the New Deal (cont.’d) • Bottom line • 1937 FDR tries to cut back on spending, economy worsens • Only war preparations end depression • Government plays new role in people’s lives • Government bigger than ever • Political revolution • Democrats join Southern whites, liberals, blue-collar workers, blacks • Some resistance from Southern Democrats • Democrats become majority party for 50 years

  13. Discussion Questions • What was FDR’s approach to dealing with the Depression? How well did he get changes implemented within his first hundred days in office? • Examine the PWA, CCC, TVA, and NRA. What were the purposes of each program? Which was most successful? • How well did the New Deal do in ending the Great Depression? Why? • What is the legacy of the New Deal? How did it politically change the U.S.? Are aspects and parts of it still with us today?

More Related