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Abstract

Abstract. Research Methods I. How to Write an Abstract. The abstract should be the last thing you write when writing a paper. The abstract page is Page 2. Center the word Abstract on the page. Begin typing the abstract on the very next double spaced line. How to Write an Abstract.

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Abstract

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  1. Abstract Research Methods I

  2. How to Write an Abstract • The abstract should be the last thing you write when writing a paper. • The abstract page is Page 2. • Center the word Abstract on the page. • Begin typing the abstract on the very next double spaced line.

  3. How to Write an Abstract • Type the abstract as a single (double spaced) paragraph in block format (don’t indent). • The abstract provides a brief and comprehensive summary of the paper/study.

  4. How to Write an Abstract • It should include the following sections (this is an example for a quantitative study): • Introduction • Methods • Subjects/Participants (human, animal) • Apparatus (furniture, pencils, stopwatches) • Design (independent and dependent variables) • Procedures (steps to execute the study) • Results (report the statistics) • Discussion (evaluate and interpret results)

  5. How to Write an Abstract • The abstract should be: • Accurate – Regarding information in the paper. • Self Contained – all information should be spelled out (no abbreviations). • Concise – follow APA guidelines for length • Specific – state only the most important concepts, findings and/or implications.

  6. How to Write an Abstract • The abstract details: • Use digits for all numbers except when they begin a sentence. • Avoid citing references in the abstract. • Paraphrase rather than quoting. • Use active voice rather than passive voice. • Use past tense for procedures and present tense for results.

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