FACS: Unit 5

1. FACS: Unit 5 Child Development

2. Stages of Growth and Development • Growth = increase in size, weight, etc • Development = increase in skills 5.2

3. Stages of Growth and Development • Prenatal Stage • Fetus develops inside womb • Infancy (Birth – One Year) • Rapid physical development • Early Childhood / Toddler (One – Two) • Increasing physical skills cause gain in independence • Preschool (Three – Five) • Increasing control over bodies; learn initiative • Late Childhood (Six – Twelve) • Learn to complete and manage tasks at school and home; social skills grow 5.2

4. Stages of Growth and Development • Infancy • Triple birth weight • Sight, hearing, other senses improve • Develop hand-eye coordination • Begin to move around and explore their world • Begin to develop motor skills 5.2

5. Stages of Growth and Development • Toddlers • Become more independent • Further development of motor skills • Require less sleep than before • Toilet training usually begins between 18 months and 3 years 5.2

6. Stages of Growth and Development • Early Childhood • Involves vigorous activity and practice • Refining of physical skills • Signs of physical development: • ability to dress and undress • greater small motor skills • fingers, arms, and hand movement 5.2

7. Stages of Growth and Development • Late Childhood • Ends when child enters adolescence • Child learns to complete and manage tasks • Learns to interact with others 5.2

8. Basic Needs of Children • Physical needs • food, shelter, clothing, safety, medical care, exercise, rest • Intellectual needs • encouragement to reach potential, praise, motivation to learn, time for creative play • Emotional needs • love and acceptance -security • respect -independence • limits -role models 5.3

9. Activities to Meet Basic Needs • role-playing • computer games • water colors • finger paints • board games • daily chores • managing an allowance 5.3.1

10. Parenting Styles • Authoritative • the children have an input in activities, but parent has the right to veto • Authoritarian • one adult makes all the decisions and everyone must follow the rules • Permissive • parents let the child decide how to handle a situation and let them take the consequences--good or bad 5.4

11. Positive & Negative Guidance • Positive • teaches self control • help the child learn what they did wrong and why they should not repeat the activity • Negative • teaches fear, guilt, and aggression • Discipline should be immediate and fit the misbehavior. 5.5

12. Analyze Guidance Techniques • Distraction • Say “NO” while looking child in eyes • Physically move the child when misbehaving • Natural consequences • Time out • Withholding privileges 5.5.1

13. Major Parenting Responsibilities • Meet children’s needs • Physical, intellectual, and emotional • Immunizations, teaching, nurturing, guiding • Encourage Good Behavior • set clear limits and good examples • Provide discipline 5.6

14. Major Parenting Responsibilities • Discipline • be consistent • mean what you say • have self-control • make sure children know that you still love them even though you have disciplined them 5.6

15. Baby-sitter and Parent Responsibilities • Parent • clear instructions for visitors, bedtime and meals • phone numbers where they can be reached, relative, neighbor • Babysitter • arrive early to be introduced to child and to be given instructions • follow parents instructions • protect child from dangerous situations 5.7

16. Ways Children Learn • Incidental Learning • Unplanned or accidental learning • Trial-and-Error Learning • Child tries several solutions before finding one that works • Imitation • Watching and copying others • Directed Learning • Results from being taught 5.8

17. The Value of Play • Promotes physical growth and development • Provides learning experiences for intellectual development • Builds foundation for future learning • Stimulates imagination/creativity 5.9

18. The Value of Play • Allows opportunity to act out feelings and try out different roles • Encourages taking turns and sharing • Promotes leadership abilities 5.9

19. Ways to Play With Children • Infants • singing, talking, pat-a-cake, nursery rhymes, gentle bouncing • Toddlers • hide-n-seek, dancing, catching and rolling ball, blocks, parallel play • Preschoolers • cooperative play, throwing and catching ball, role-playing, marching • School age • solitary and group play, puzzles, board games, dress up, singing 5.11

20. Safe and Educational Play Materials • Infants • items no smaller than the diameter of a paper towel tube • no loose parts or sharp parts • toys that are brightly colored and have interesting shapes 5.13

21. Safe and Educational Play Materials • Toddlers • no sharp or pointed toys • choose toys that are age appropriate • choose toys that encourage thought • choose toys that help them problem solving • choose toys that encourage small and large motor skills 5.13

22. Safe and Educational Play Materials • Preschoolers • teach thinking • teach large and small motor skills • teach social skills and taking turns 5.13

23. Safe and Educational Play Materials • School Age Children • Choose toys that inspire: • creativity • self-esteem • the value of cooperative play • fine motor skills 5.13

24. Health and Safety • Sanitation • children should be taught to wash before eating and after using the bathroom • Food choices • children should sit while eat to prevent choking or mishaps with utensils • foods should be appropriate for age • No hotdogs or popcorn for infants or toddlers 5.12

25. Health and Safety • Indoors • baby proof--get down on their level • remove items from tables that infants or toddlers might pull on • stay with them at all times • never leave a child alone in bathroom • use child proof locks on cabinets and toilets • store medications in a secure location • examine all toys to be sure they are suitable 5.12

26. Health and Safety: Planning Meals • To use the Food Guide Pyramid with your toddler keep the same number of servings from each group, but give smaller than adult-size servings * 6-11 servings of bread * 3-5 servings of vegetables * 2-4 servings of fruit * 2-3 servings of milk * 2-3 servings of meat * fats and sweets used sparingly • A good rule for serving sizes for toddlers is 1 tablespoon per year of age or 1/4 of an adult serving per year of age 5.12

27. Health and Safety: Planning Meals • One serving of milk for a two-year-old would be 1/2 cup. • One serving of cooked carrots for a three-year-old would be 3 tablespoons. • One serving of ground beef for tacos for a four year old would be 4 tablespoons. • One serving of bread for a two-year-old would be 1/2 slice 5.12

28. First-Aid • http://pediatrics.about.com/cs/quizzes/l/bl_firstaid_qz.htm • Be prepared • Assume a preventive attitude • Don’t panic • Make your top priority rescuing the child from any life-threatening danger, such as fire, water, electrical current, etc. • If possible, enlist the help of bystanders; if you are alone, summon help as soon as possible. 5.14

29. First-Aid • Next, quickly assess the injuries and tend to the most life-threatening first. • The ABC system (airway, breathing, circulation) provides an easy way to remember where to start. • Check first to make sure that the airway is open, that the child is breathing and that circulation is being maintained by the presence of a heartbeat. • If any one of these vital signs is absent, proceed immediately to restore it. CALL 911 or whatever emergency system is in place in your community. • Check for and control severe bleeding. 5.14

30. First-Aid • Look for other serious injuries, signs of poisoning or illness (broken bones, burns, convulsions, loss of consciousness, etc.), and administer appropriate first aid. • Try to keep the child quiet, calm and comfortable until medical help arrives. • Make every effort to stabilize the situation, but don't exceed your capabilities; doing so may inflict further injury. 5.14

31. Occupations in Child Development • Child care worker • Pediatric nurse • Pediatrician • Teacher • Coach • Scout leader • Toy store clerk 5.15

32. Personality Traits Needed for Working in Child Development • Kind • Empathic • Energetic • Good listener • Patient • Enjoy being with children 5.16