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Agilent Technologies

Agilent Technologies. Free Space Materials Characterization Shelley Blasdel Begley Application Development Engineer. Agilent Technologies. Agenda What is it? Free Space Measurement Systems Calibration Measurement Results. What is Free Space Materials Characterization?.

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Agilent Technologies

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  1. Agilent Technologies Free Space Materials Characterization Shelley Blasdel Begley Application Development Engineer Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  2. Agilent Technologies Agenda What is it? Free Space Measurement Systems Calibration Measurement Results Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  3. What is Free Space Materials Characterization? Measuring Electromagnetic Properties of Materials Using Free Space Measurement Technique. Important for: Circuit design Military Applications Car Radar Applications New Materials Research Incoming Inspection Quality Assurance Health and Safety and more… Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  4. Electromagnetic Materials • Radar Absorbing and Stealth Materials • Radome Materials • Electronic Substrate and Packaging Materials • Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Phantoms Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  5. Transmission Free-Space System Computer (not required for PNA) Network Analyzer GP-IB or LAN 85071E Materials Measurement Software With Option 100 Free Space Calibration Sample holder fixtured between two antennae Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  6. Lightwave Analogy Lens Incident

  7. Lightwave Analogy Lens Incident Reflected

  8. Lightwave Analogy Lens Incident Reflected

  9. Lightwave Analogy Lens Incident Transmitted Reflected

  10. Network Analyzer Block Diagram Fixture Incident Transmitted MUT Reflected SOURCE Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  11. Network Analyzer Block Diagram Fixture Incident Transmitted MUT Reflected SOURCE SIGNAL SEPARATION Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  12. Network Analyzer Block Diagram Fixture Incident Transmitted MUT Reflected SOURCE SIGNAL SEPARATION INCIDENT (R) REFLECTED (A) RECEIVER / DETECTOR Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  13. Network Analyzer Block Diagram Fixture Incident Transmitted MUT Reflected SOURCE SIGNAL SEPARATION INCIDENT (R) REFLECTED (A) TRANSMITTED (B) RECEIVER / DETECTOR Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  14. Fixture Incident Transmitted MUT Reflected SOURCE SIGNAL SEPARATION INCIDENT (R) REFLECTED (A) TRANSMITTED (B) RECEIVER / DETECTOR PROCESSOR / DISPLAY Network Analyzer Block Diagram Transmitted Reflected = S21 = S11 Incident Incident Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  15. Transmission Algorithms (85071E also has three reflection algorithms)

  16. Before a Measurement Can be Made… Calibration is required! Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  17. Thru Reflect Match TRM Calibration Hard to get broadband absorbers for match Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  18. Thru Move the antenna away to compensate for the thickness of the short. Move it back for the next step. Reflect Move the antenna away on a quarter-wavelength and then back in the original position. Line TRL Calibration Precise positioning fixtures are expensive Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  19. Gated Reflect Line (GRL) CalibrationTwo Tiered Process • Two port calibration at waveguide or coax input into antennas removes errors associated with network analyzer and cables. 1. ECal, SOLT or TRL Cal done here Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  20. Line (empty fixture) Reflect (metal plate of known thickness) Gated Reflect Line (GRL) CalibrationTwo Tiered Process • Two additional free space calibration standards remove errors from antennas and fixture. 2. Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  21. GRL Cal – How it works GRL Cal Error Model (forward only) 2-port Cal Terms MUT 2-port Cal Terms 1 S21 Tt GRL Error Adapter GRL Error Adapter D Ms S11 S22 Ml Tr S12 • Coax or Waveguide 2-port Cal corrects errors from end of cable back into the instrument. Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  22. GRL Cal – How it works GRL Cal Error Model (forward only) 2-port Cal Terms MUT 2-port Cal Terms 1 S21 Tt GRL Error Adapter GRL Error Adapter D Ms S11 S22 Ml Tr S12 • Coax or Waveguide 2-port Cal corrects errors from end of cable back into the instrument. Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  23. GRL Cal – How it works GRL Cal Error Model (forward only) 2-port Cal Terms MUT 2-port Cal Terms 1 S21 Tt GRL Error Adapter GRL Error Adapter D Ms S11 S22 Ml Tr S12 • Coax or Waveguide 2-port Cal corrects errors from end of cable back into the instrument. Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  24. GRL Cal – How it works GRL Cal Error Model (forward only) 2-port Cal Terms MUT 2-port Cal Terms 1 S21 Tt GRL Error Adapter GRL Error Adapter D Ms S11 S22 Ml Tr S12 • Coax or Waveguide 2-port Cal corrects errors from end of cable back into the instrument. • Errors from Antennas and Fixture can be thought of as being lumped into a GRL error adapter. • The GRL error adapter is quantified by measurements of reflect and line standards. Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  25. GRL Cal – How it works Time Domain of Empty Free Space Fixture gate Transmitting Antenna Receiving Antenna Air Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  26. GRL Cal – How it works GRL Cal Error Model (forward only) 2-port Cal Terms MUT 2-port Cal Terms 1 S21 Tt GRL Error Adapter GRL Error Adapter D Ms S11 S22 Ml Tr S12 • Coax or Waveguide 2-port Cal corrects errors from end of cable back into the instrument. • Errors from Antennas and Fixture can be thought of as being lumped into a GRL error adapter. • The GRL error adapter is quantified by measurements of reflect and line standards. • The original 2-port Cal is modified to correct for the error adapter. Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  27. GRL Cal – How it works GRL Cal Error Model (forward only) 2-port Cal Terms MUT 2-port Cal Terms 1 S21 Tt GRL Error Adapter GRL Error Adapter D Ms S11 S22 Ml Tr S12 • Coax or Waveguide 2-port Cal corrects errors from end of cable back into the instrument. • Errors from Antennas and Fixture can be thought of as being lumped into a GRL error adapter. • The GRL error adapter is quantified by measurements of reflect and line standards. • The original 2-port Cal is modified to correct for the error adapter. Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  28. Free-space X-Band System Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  29. Free Space 40 – 60GHz System Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  30. A Simple Free Space Powder Fixture Close Up Powder in Tray Placed Between Antennae

  31. Free Space 75 – 110GHz Standard Gain Horn System Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  32. Free Space W-band System Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  33. Free Space 75-110GHz Quasi-Optical System Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  34. Free Space 75-110GHz Quasi-Optical System Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  35. Free Space 75-110GHz Quasi-Optical System Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  36. Free Space 75-110GHz Quasi-Optical System Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  37. Free Space 75-110GHz Quasi-Optical System Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  38. Free Space 75-110GHz Quasi-Optical System Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  39. Measurement Results Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  40. Measurement Results Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  41. Conclusion Free Space is a useful method for measuring electromagnetic properties of a of materials. Innovative calibration overcomes challenges of previous free space error correction methods. Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  42. For More Information • Visit our website at: www.agilent.com/find/materials Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  43. References R N Clarke (Ed.), “A Guide to the Characterisation of DielectricMaterials at RF and Microwave Frequencies,” Published by The Institute of Measurement & Control (UK) & NPL, 2003 J. Baker-Jarvis, M.D. Janezic, R.F. Riddle, R.T. Johnk, P. Kabos, C. Holloway, R.G. Geyer, C.A. Grosvenor, “Measuring the Permittivity and Permeability of Lossy Materials: Solids, Liquids, Metals, Building Materials, and Negative-Index Materials,” NIST Technical Note 15362005 “Test methods for complex permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of solid electrical insulating materials at microwave frequencies and temperatures to 1650°, ” ASTM Standard D2520, American Society for Testing and Materials Janezic M. and Baker-Jarvis J., “Full-wave Analysis of a Split-Cylinder Resonator for Nondestructive Permittivity Measurements,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques vol. 47, no. 10, Oct 1999, pg. 2014-2020 J. Krupka , A.P. Gregory, O.C. Rochard, R.N. Clarke, B. Riddle, J. Baker-Jarvis, “Uncertainty of Complex Permittivity Measurement by Split-Post Dielectric Resonator Techniques,” Journal of the European Ceramic Society No. 10, 2001, pg. 2673-2676 “Basics of Measureing the Dielectric Properties of Materials”. Agilent application note. 5989-2589EN, April 28, 2005 Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  44. mm-Wave Free Space Results Rexolite expected value e’ = 2.53 Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  45. Apendix • • • • Section Title Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  46. GRL Cal – System Considerations • Determine Sample Position • Determine Sample Size • Choose Metal Plate Fixture with Metal Plate Metal Plate Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  47. GRL Cal - Considerations Empty Fixture • Choose Number of points to Avoid Aliasing Minumum Number of Points = 1 + Range * (Stop Frequency – Start Frequency) Where Range is the needed alias free range in Seconds Receiving Antenna Transmitting Antenna 20nS Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  48. GRL Cal - Considerations • Choose Time Domain Parameters Empty Fixture Fixture with Metal Plate Metal Plate at 3.5nS Air at 3.5nS Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  49. Quasi Optical System Schematic Additional information available at : http://www.terahertz.co.uk/TKI/Agilent/Agilent_VNA_QO.html Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

  50. MUT O21 S21 T12 O11 O22 S11 S22 T22 T11 O12 S12 T21 MUT and GRL Error AdaptersAfter 2-Port Calibration Six Unknowns 021 = O12 O11 O22 T21 = T12 T11 T22 Agilent Technical Forum Free Space Materials Characterization

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