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Today’s Agenda:

Today’s Agenda:. Journal Question: What is the function of your brain? *1. Lecture I: The Brain & Nervous System 2. Video: “Amazing Brain” 3. Homework: Read Chapter 50 (pp.1002 – 1008). Dr. Rick Woodward “Your conscious life is an awake dream.”.

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Today’s Agenda:

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  1. Today’s Agenda: Journal Question: What is the function of your brain? *1. Lecture I: The Brain & Nervous System 2. Video: “Amazing Brain” 3. Homework: Read Chapter 50 (pp.1002 – 1008) Dr. Rick Woodward

  2. Dr. Rick Woodward “Your conscious life is an awake dream.” The Amazing Brain Dr. Rick Woodward

  3. Dr. Rick Woodward

  4. Overview: • Introduction to the Brain • Observation Exercise • Active Learning • Classroom Environment: Colors Exercise • Gender Differences and Learning • Strange Brain’s & Genius • Advances in Pharmaceuticals & Non-pharmaceuticals • Learning to Learn • Creating an Original Thought Dr. Rick Woodward

  5. Discovery Magazine Journal Article “10 Unsolved Mysteries of the Brain” 1. Questions that assess comprehension of the journal article: -Selected Questions (1) What are neurons? (2) A typical neuron in the cortex of the brain receives input from how many different neurons? (3) What is a synapse and how does it relate to memory? (4) What happens when you stay awake for more than 24 hours? Dr. Rick Woodward

  6. Our Current Memory Capacity In today’s world, are we using our brains more or less? Why? -Wired Journal Article “According to recent research, we are remembering fewer and fewer basic facts these days.” Dr. Rick Woodward

  7. Relevant Research • Neuroscientist, Ian Robertson, polled 3,000 people and found that the younger ones were less able than there elders to recall standard personal information. • Asking participants to recall a relative’s birth date, 87% of the respondents over age 50 could recite it, while less than 40% of those participants under the age of 30 could do so. Dr. Rick Woodward

  8. Relevant Research • When asked to recall their own phone number, 1/3 of the youngsters drew a blank. • Do you know your cell phone number? -Younger Americans today are the first generation to grow up with everywhere gadgets and services that exist specifically to remember things so that they don’t have to. -Do you know any of your friend’s e-mail addresses? Dr. Rick Woodward

  9. Go-Everywhere Gadgets • Gadgets that remember so that you don’t have to: (1) Blackberrys (2) Cell phones (3) Thumb drives (4) Gmail (5) Outlook (pop ups with your lunch dates and appointments) Dr. Rick Woodward

  10. Go-Everywhere Gadgets 6. Verizon Droid 7. Apple Ipad 8. Motorola Honeycomb 9. Samsung Galaxy Tablet Dr. Rick Woodward

  11. Droid Applications Dr. Rick Woodward

  12. Go Everywhere Gadgets Phone Applications: Applications do things so you don’t have to. Newest application that seismologist are working on. (1) Earthquake detection system can sound an alarm in the moments before a big tremor strikes. (Scientific American April 2011) (2) You will be notified by an application on your phone so that you can find appropriate shelter ten seconds prior to an Earthquake. P-Wave (Primary Wave) prior to S-Wave (Shear Wave) (Another 5 years until this technology is available)

  13. Comparing SeismographsMexico 2006 – Japan 2011

  14. Right Now in California!(Scientific America: April 2011 A prototype system links together 400 seismic stations in California and will soon send alerts to a small group of test users. Alerts will be available within 5 seconds after the first p-wave hits. Alerts would utilize network gadgets. A count down will be sent to your phone that marks the countdown until shaking starts!

  15. Memory Capacity 1. Brain: Up to 1,000 trillion synapses. 2. Library of Congress print collection: (32 trillion bytes) 3. Personal Computer: (About 100 billion bytes [100 GB]) Dr. Rick Woodward

  16. Analyzing Information A. The brain analyzes 40,000 bits of information every second. (Sousa, 1995) 98-99% is done unconsciously! (24 GB DDR3 Memory by Kingston Technology) Terabyte

  17. Brain Morphometry • Brain morphometry is a subfield of both morphology and the brain sciences, concerned with the measurements of brain structures and changes during: (1) Development (2) Aging (3) Learning (4) Disease (5) Evolution.

  18. Brain Morphometry (BIRN) Morphometry focuses on: A. Pooling and analyzing data across neuro-imaging sites for potential relationships between anatomical differences and specific memory dysfunctions: (1) Depression (2)Mild Alzheimer’s Disease (3) Mild Cognitive Impairment Dr. Rick Woodward

  19. Getting the Brain’s Attention: A. Three ways to get the brain’s attention: (1) Survival (2) Emotions (3) Novelty

  20. How is new information learned? A. New information is remembered by how it is similar to existing knowledge and recalled by how it is different. (Comparing new information with old information: Making connections.) Dr. Rick Woodward

  21. Let’s Check OutYour Memory Capacity A. Take out a blank sheet of paper. (Write on the back of this handout) B. As you look at the next slide try to memorize as many objects from this crime scene scenario as you can. C. You have one full minute. D. After the time has elapsed, draw as many of the objects that you can recall. -Ready….. Dr. Rick Woodward

  22. Crime Scene Investigation • Focus on the ten items shown below: Dr. Rick Woodward

  23. How many items did you come up with? A. Ten Items Total: 1. Tack 2. Paper Clip 3. Bullets 4. Knife 5. Diamond Ring 6. Foot Print 7. String 8. Ticket Stub 9. Key 10. Matches Dr. Rick Woodward

  24. Organization of the Nervous System I. Central Nervous System consists of: 1. Brain 2. Spinal Cord II. Peripheral Nervous System consists of: 1. Somatic Nervous System (1) Cranial Nerves: 12 pairs (2) Spinal Nerves: 31 pairs 2. Autonomic Nervous System (1) Sympathetic Nervous System (2) Parasympathetic Nervous System Dr. Rick Woodward

  25. Central Nervous System Composed of: 1. The Brain (called the cerebrum) 2. The Spinal Cord Dr. Rick Woodward

  26. Brain Gender A. Female brain tissue is intrinsically different from male brain tissue. -2004 Research Study (p.14, “Why Gender Matters,” Leonard Sax, M.D. Ph.D.) Dr. Rick Woodward

  27. Brain Gender & Hearing A. Girls hearing is substantially more sensitive than boys, especially in the 1,000-4,000 Hz range, which is important for speech discrimination. (1) For a 1,500 Hz tone played in the right ear, researchers found that the average girl baby had an acoustic response 80% greater than the response of the average baby boy. Dr. Rick Woodward

  28. Brain Gender & Vision A. Baby Experiment: Mobile versus Faces (102 babies studied and videotaped) (1) Male babies were more interested in looking at mobiles (movement: dangled and twisted). (2) Female babies were more interested in looking at a young woman’s face. B. Conclusion: The result of this experiment suggests that girls are born pre-wired to be interested in faces while boys are pre-wired to be more interested in moving objects. Dr. Rick Woodward

  29. PeripheralNervous System A. Consists of nerves that radiate out from the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. Dr. Rick Woodward

  30. Peripheral Nervous System B. Controls Reflex Actions: Involuntary and usually self-protective movements. i.e. Touching a hot stove and instinctively you draw your hand away. Dr. Rick Woodward

  31. Dr. Rick Woodward

  32. The Peripheral Nervous System C. Relays the signals of reflexes. D. Reflexes are involuntary and often protective movements. (1) The patellar reflex is one of the simplest reflexes in the body. -The knee jerk reflex Dr. Rick Woodward

  33. Peripheral Nervous System: Spinal Reflex E. Involves only neurons in the body and spinal cord. F. It completely bypasses the brain. Dr. Rick Woodward

  34. The Peripheral Nervous System G. Composed of: 1. Twelve pairs of cranial nerves a. Connects the brain with the head and neck. Dr. Rick Woodward

  35. The PeripheralNervous System H. Composed of: 2. Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves a. Connects the central nervous system with the rest of the body. Dr. Rick Woodward

  36. The Peripheral Nervous System: The Autonomic Nervous System i. Is divided into two divisions: 1. Sympathetic Nervous System 2. Parasympathetic Nervous System Dr. Rick Woodward

  37. Dr. Rick Woodward

  38. The Autonomic Nervous System A. Its under involuntary control B. It controls: (1) Respiration/Breathing (2) Heartbeat/Heart Rate (3) Homeostasis Dr. Rick Woodward

  39. The Autonomic Nervous System C. Sympathetic Nervous System (1) “Fight or Flight” response (2) Controls the stimulation of internal organs during conditions of high stress or increased activity. i.e. Increased Heart Rate Dr. Rick Woodward

  40. The Sympathetic Nervous System “Fight or Flight Response” - In response to emotional stress. - Redirects blood flow away from the digestive system and toward the heart and skeletal muscles. Dr. Rick Woodward

  41. The Autonomic Nervous System D. Parasympathetic Nervous System 1. “Rest and Digest” response 2. Controls internal organs during routine conditions. i.e. Digesting food after a meal Dr. Rick Woodward

  42. The ParasympatheticNervous System “Rest and Digest Response” - Induces the body to conserve energy. - Blood is usually directed to the digestive tract to aid in digestion. Dr. Rick Woodward

  43. Overview of the Parasympathetic & Sympathetic Nervous Systems Dr. Rick Woodward

  44. You and Your Brain Are you a left brain or right brain person? A. Left Brain Characteristics: -Analytical, Logical, Mathematical B. Right Brain Characteristics: -Creative & Artistic Dr. Rick Woodward

  45. You and Your Brain

  46. The Amazing Brain • Lobes of the Brain and their Functions Left side of the brain controls the right side of the body and vice versa. Dr. Rick Woodward

  47. The Four Lobes of the Brain and their Functions: A. Frontal Lobe: Personality, Voluntary Movement, Elaboration of Thought. Dr. Rick Woodward

  48. The Four Lobes of the Brain and their Functions: B. Parietal Lobe: Sensory Integration, Receives Sensory Information (pain, temperature) Dr. Rick Woodward

  49. The Four Lobes of the Brain and their Functions: C. Temporal Lobe: Auditory (Hearing) D. Occipital Lobe: Vision Dr. Rick Woodward

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