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The economics of learning on the job. Lex Borghans Maastricht University The Netherlands. The economics of learning on the job. What is learning on the job? Some data When will learning on the job be widely used? What are the consequences for schools and teachers?.
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The economics of learning on the job LexBorghans Maastricht University The Netherlands
The economics of learning on the job • What is learning on the job? • Some data • When will learning on the job be widely used? • What are the consequences for schools and teachers?
Example of learning on the job • Young teacher teaches one class • Experienced teacher teaches one class Versus • Young teacher teaches one class and talks with experienced teacher about his performance • Experienced teacher teachers one class, observes the young teacher and talks with him about performance
Learning on the job: conclusion • Learning by doing is costly • Peer review is cheaper when peers observe each other when working
Informal learning • What percentage of your time at work do you spend on activities from which you can learn?
When will learning on the job be widely used: conclusion • When the costs of learning are lower than the benefits • When schools pay well-trained teachers better • When schools pay less to teachers that are trained
What are the consequences for schools and teachers? • Suppose some schools offer positions with feedback by experienced teachers • For a lower salary than usual • Who will take this job? • Answer: Young teachers
What are the consequences for schools and teachers? • Suppose some schools offer positions with feedback by experienced teachers • For a lower salary than usual • Who will take this job? • Answer: Young teachers
What are the consequences for schools and teachers? • And if they could choose between different school offering these training programs • Which school would they choose? • Answer: • Training school with excellent coaches • And an excellent reputation
What are the consequences for schools and teachers? • And if they could choose between different school offering these training programs • Which school would they choose? • Answer: • Training school with excellent coaches • And an excellent reputation
What are the consequences for schools and teachers? • And if they are well-trained • Would they stay or go? • Answer: • It will be up or out. • Maybe the very best young teachers will become coach in the same schools, but most of them will leave and go to a regular school
What are the consequences for schools and teachers? • And if they are well-trained • Would they stay or go? • Answer: • It will be up or out. • Some of the very best young teachers will become coach in the same schools, but most of them will leave and go to a regular school
Consequences for the schools • Some schools specialize as a training school • Low salaries for young teachers • High salaries for experienced teachers who are good coaches • Large turn-over • Perhaps attracting specific types of students • Most school will remain as they are • But recruit teachers from the teaching schools
Consequences for the teachers • New mobility patterns • After teacher college • They work in a training school for a low salary • After a couple of years they leave • And find work in a regular school
Conclusions • Two potential reasons why learning on the job is not yet widely used in education • The costs of on the job learning are higher than the benefits • Schools that employ well-trained teachers cannot recoup the costs • When learning on the job becomes important • school will specialize in training schools or regular schools • Teachers will start their career in training schools and then move on to regular schools
