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Cradles of Civilization

Cradles of Civilization. What is a civilization? What makes up a civilization?. What is a civilization?. A civilization is the process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of development and organization. Characteristics of a civilization.

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Cradles of Civilization

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  1. Cradles of Civilization What is a civilization? What makes up a civilization?

  2. What is a civilization? • A civilization is the process by which a society or place reaches an advanced stage of development and organization

  3. Characteristics of a civilization • Means of subsistence/agricultural surplus • Farming, livestock, lodging, etc. • Government • Law code, leadership, citizenry

  4. Characteristics of a civilization • Written language and records • Job Specialization • Division of labor, people assume different roles and address different needs Hieroglyphics Cuneiform

  5. Characteristics of a civilization • Social Classes • Often based on wealth, race/ethnicity and/or education • Economics • Trading and bartering, monetary exchanges

  6. Characteristics of a civilization • Education/Technology • Academic or trade specific • Religion/Spirituality • Either formal established religion or moral/ethical teachings

  7. Where did civilizations begin? • Civilizations first began along river valleys between 3500-500 BCE • The earliest civilizations developed in Africa, Mesopotamia and Asia • In Mesopotamia civilizations popped up along the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers • In Africa we find the Egyptians who developed along the Nile River Delta

  8. Where did civilizations begin? • In India civilizations developed along the Indus and Ganges Rivers • In China civilizations first developed along the Huang He (or Yellow River)

  9. China: Huang He Meso: Euphrates and Tigris India: Indus and Ganges River Egypt: Nile River

  10. China: Huang He Meso: Euphrates and Tigris Rivers India: Indus and Ganges River Egypt Nile River

  11. Social patterns of the earliest civilizations • Jobs and positions of power were often hereditary • People were born into royalty, thus they had hereditary rulers • I.E. Dynasties, Pharaohs, Kings, etc. • There were rigid (strict) class systems • People were born into social classes • Slavery was practiced but it was often not based on race or ethnicity

  12. Political patterns of the earliest civilizations • Early civilizations had written laws, which were often drafted by the ruler(s) or the religious hierarchy • Examples include Hammurabi’s Code (the oldest known law code) and the Ten Commandments (law code of the Hebrews) • There were centralized government which was often based on a religious authority • Most rulers were viewed either as divine, demi-gods or mediums to the gods

  13. Economic patterns of the earliest civilizations • Built, used, traded and sold metal tools and weapons • Agricultural Surplus led the selling and trading of crops and livestock • Due to the advancements in tools, irrigation and slavery • Trade by rivers and seas • Development of cities and markets

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