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The Keys to Writing an Effectively Organized Paper

The Keys to Writing an Effectively Organized Paper. Lyla Nabulsi. What does expository mean?. Expository writing is writing that explains It can be personal It can be through research. Types of expository themes. Process Classification (division) Cause and effect Extended definition

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The Keys to Writing an Effectively Organized Paper

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  1. The Keys to Writing an Effectively Organized Paper Lyla Nabulsi

  2. What does expository mean? • Expository writing is writing that explains • It can be personal • It can be through research

  3. Types of expository themes • Process • Classification (division) • Cause and effect • Extended definition • Comparison/contrast • Analysis

  4. What do all sentences, paragraphs and compositions need? • UNITY – a single purpose • EMPHASIS - repetition of the single purpose • COHERENCE – logical arrangement of details

  5. How are unity, emphasis, and coherence achieved? • Strong thesis statement • A controlling purpose • Logical points of development • Transitional devices • Concise topic sentences with keywords • Vivid details

  6. What is a thesis statement? • A clear, concise sentence stating the main idea in a theme or composition clearly stating the writer’s attitude toward the subject of the theme • What does it contain? • Topic • Controlling Purpose • Points of development • Where does it go? • The end of the introduction is best • In a statement, not a question • How many sentences? • One is best • The topic and the cp must be in the sentence with the mentioning of the POD’s as optional.

  7. What is the controlling purpose? • Often known by governing principle, central idea, controlling idea. • It is the idea that the authors wants to prove about the topic. • It is decided after the topic and before the points of development. • It determines the points of development • It is emphasized in every paragraph • It unifies the entire paper.

  8. Examples of controlling purposes • Process: How to organize a book fair to make the most profit • Classify: Classify fuels to determinewhich gives the best gas mileage • Comparison/contrast: Compare/contrast fossil fuel to hydrogen fuel to determine which is the safest to use • Position: Americans need to vote in this election in order (not) to bring about change

  9. Determining the Points of Development • Once the topic and controlling purpose has evolved, the author determines the points that prove the controlling purpose. • How to organize a book fair in order to make a profit by • 1. Finding sponsors • 2. Determining a location • 3. Using volunteers • That’s all of the example

  10. It must be a statement. Should NOT contain “I think.” Should not refer to the paper. Should not be a blanket statement Should not contain elements that are not related Should not be expressed in vague language Should not be too narrow. Should not contain obscure or garbled language Composing a thesis statement

  11. Use the thesis statement as the foundation of the composition • It should appear as the last sentence in the introductory paragraph • Its points of development should be the basis of the outline before writing the rough draft • It should serve as the focal point for each sentence written in the composition

  12. Outline the Introduction • I. Introduction A. Method – to gain the attention of the audience B. Transition – move from the specific to the thesis statement C. Thesis Statement – keywords for topic, cp, and POD’s (POD’s are optional).

  13. Methods of introduction • Question • Definition • Startling statement • Newspaper headline • Incident • Personal experience • Analogy • Description are examples • Give background material (Position paper)

  14. Outline the Development • II. Development or Body A. POD One 1. Topic sentence 2. Details to prove cp 3. Clincher B. POD Two C. POD Three

  15. Definition Description Spatial Chronological Analytical Comparing/contrasting Cause and effect Restatement Statistics Listing Single example Multiple examples Methods of Developmental Paragraphs

  16. Structure the development by Arranging the Details As Follows: • Climactic – least important to most important • Semi-climactic – second, least and most important • Cause and effect – C to E, E to C, P to S, Q to A • Chronological order – time sequence

  17. Outline of Conclusion • Conclusion • A. Use a method • B. Emphasize the CP

  18. Methods of Conclusion • Warning • Call for Action • Analogy • Summary – avoid • Show significance of topic • Solution • No new information in a conclusion

  19. Write the first draft • Write down the ideas • Use key words in the topic sentences • Use key words and synonyms for the CP • Type the word • Use Shift F7 for thesaurus on computer • Emphasize the CP in each paragraph • Write effective sentences • Write effective paragraphs • Use transitional words to connect within and between paragraphs

  20. Composing Effective Sentences • Use subordination • Use parallelism • Correct pronoun reference • No split constructions • No awkward sentences • Maintaining one point of view and tense • Use of active voice • Use of repetition • Logical details

  21. Composing Effective Paragraphs • Limit the topic idea to a single idea • Write a clear, concise topic sentence with keywords • Select the best method to develop details • Place details in a logical order • Use necessary transitions • Restate at the end if necessary (Clincher sentence)

  22. Transitional words • Chronological – First, next, after • Cause and effect – In effect, as a result, consequently • Comparison – likewise, in comparison, similarly • Contrasting – on the other hand, conversely, in contrast • Restatement – in other words, in effect, to put another way

  23. Write a final draft • Edit – Make changes in the following • Placement of thesis • Placement of topic sentences • Arrangement and completeness of details • Sentence structure • Mechanics • Grammar • Proofread – Print a copy and have someone else proof • Typos • Punctuation • Capitalization • Grammar • Publish – Post in Write Only and MAIN

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