Toward Independence

1. Toward Independence

2. In this chapter you will learn how the colonists became divided with their loyalty to Great Britain

3. Patriots • also called “Whigs” • Americans who believed that the colonies had the right to govern themselves

4. Loyalists • Also called “Tories” • Americans who felt loyalty to Great Britain

5. Before 1763 • America bursting with growth • Within 100 years-population grew from 50,000 to 1 million • Why? • Cheap land • Religious tolerance • Economic opportunities

6. The main reason was that the Americans had more freedom to run their affairs than any ordinary person in Europe

7. What is a patriot? • What is a loyalist?

8. Conflict in the Ohio Valley • As colonies grew settlers began to move west • Across the Appalachian into the Ohio Valley • The region between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers • Both France and Britain claimed the area

9. In 1754 the French built Fort Duquesne • Present day Pittsburgh • Governor of Virginia heard of the fort and sent a militia to drive them out • Militia was led by British officer George Washington

10. Militia • A small army made up of ordinary citizens who are available to fight in an emergency

11. The French and Indian War • 1754 - Near Fort Duquesne Washington defeated a French scouting party that was hiding in the woods • This was the start of the French and Indian War

12. Lasted for 7 years • 1759 – turning point when British troops captured Canada • 1763 – Britain and France signed peace treaty ending the war • France gave Canada to Great Britain

13. This war left Britain with a large debt

14. New France Ceded British Colonies New Spain

15. What was the cause of the French and Indian War? • What is a militia?

16. Early British Actions • Because the war costs so much, the British King wanted the colonists to pay for it • The colonists refused so the king enforced new taxes • Stamp Act • Quartering Act • Townshend Act • Tea Act

17. Proclamation of 1763 • How to keep colonists and Native Americans from killing each other? • The king drew a line down the middle of the Appalachian Mountains • Colonists east • Natives west

18. The frontier The Colonies

19. Taxes • Colonists already paying taxes • Didn’t mind paying taxes, but wanted representation in parliament • They knew they would never get representation • This is why the following taxes upset them so much

20. Stamp Act • Required colonists to buy a stamp for every piece of paper used • Brainstorm

21. Death wills • Marriage licenses • Playing cards • Newspaper • Writing paper • All paper products

22. Taxation without representation! • Loyalists refused to buy stamps • Patriots took a more violent approach and created mobs • Patriots created a group called the “Sons of Liberty” • Eventually the Stamp Act was repealed or canceled

23. QUARTERING ACT • So many British soldiers in the colonies and no $ to send them back king George made this act • Said colonists had to HOUSE the soldiers in their homes • They were forced to feed them, cloth them, give them candles, fire their goods, give them beer & cider, & more! • TEMPERS RISED

24. TOWNSHENDACTS • Charles Townshend--Told British to Keep army in America • Implemented these acts--this was a tax on all goods such as GLASS< PAINT< PAPER< TEA • ANGER AGAIN ROSE • BOYCOTTS STARTED AGAIN • The Boycotts worked & the Townshend were repealed

25. WHAT WAS THE QUARTERING ACT? • WHAT WERE THE TOWNSHEND ACTS?

26. BOSTON MASSACRE • Angry colonists were protesting the British troops moving into Boston--PATRIOTS • It was winter time and the snow balls were a flyin • The soldiers felt threatened and opened fire • The patriots were for the riots & the loyalists wanted to try it peaceful again

27. BOSTON MASSACRE CONT. • This allowed Sam Adams to brew up an anti-British feelin • A SIDE NOT--- Crispus Attucks a freed slave was the first killed in the MASACRE

28. SAM ADAMS

29. BOSTON TEA PARTY • The Brits again taxed the tea and said the DUTCH Who we usually bought our tea from could no longer sell it • King George said to get tea we had to buy it only from the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY owned by the Brits. • This included a HUGE TAX • SOOOOOOOOOOO Lets PROTEST

30. SOOOOOO the SONS OF LIBERY dressed up like Indians snuck onto about 5 East India Tea Company ships and threw the tea overboard • People knew they were the SONS OF LIBERTY & were happy!! • MASSILLON CONNECTION!!!! WOW • The King once again tried to make the colonists pay for the lost tea— • The king closed the Boston Harbor, put Boston under military rule

31. What was the Boston Massacre • What was the Boston Tea party? Why did it happen?

32. FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS • 12 OF THE 13 COLONIES SHOWED UP • WROTE A LETTER TO THE KING---PETITION • ALL AGREED TO BOYCOTT ALL BRITISH GOODS • COLONIES FORMED MILITIAS • THE MINUTEMEN WERE FORMED

34. LEXINGTON & CONCORD • King Georgedid not even respond to the letter from the FIRST CONTINTAL CONGRESS • To make matters worse he stated that ‘BLOWS’ decide to outcome! • The Colonists had been storing large supplies of gunpowder in Concord Mass. • Thomas Gage a Brit General decided to attack w/ the kings permission

36. LEXINGTON & CONCORD CONT. • HERE WE GO---The Colonists were watching their every move!!! • Paul Revere & William Dawes were ready to ride to let ALL the Minutemen know what was going on!! • We moved the stash of weapons and attacked the Brits with furry!! • The first shots rang out and the SHOT HEARD ROUND THE WORLD HAD BEEN FIRED!!! • THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR HAS BEGUN