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Education and “skills”

Delve into the historical landscape of education in ancient China, from the founding of state schools to personal transformations and Jinshi degrees. Explore recruitment, curriculum, and community formation while studying literacy, policy, and scholarly texts. Uncover the role of education in social differentiation and community evolution through the lens of staffing, funding, and admission. Witness the development of private academies and the dynamic interplay of teaching, learning, and agency over centuries.

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Education and “skills”

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  1. Education and “skills” • Merchants • Artisans • Farmers • Shi 士 (literati)

  2. Building Staffing Funding Admission Curriculum Certification Education as Institution Building

  3. Founding of State Prefectural and County Schools • Prefecture 1044 • Yiwu 1049 • Dongyang 1049 • Pujiang 1060? • Jinhua county 1072 • Lanxi 1102? • Wuyi 1102? • Yongkang 1105

  4. Wuyi County Seat, 1804

  5. Examination Content Three days of tests • Confucian Texts • Literary Composition • Treatises on Policy, History, and Scholarship

  6. Personal transformation Social differentiation Community formation Education as Social Process

  7. Jinshi degreesSong and Yuan(without Lanxi data)

  8. Quotas and ratios • Northern Song quota (prefectural passes): about 7 • Southern Song quota (prefectural passes): 14 • Prefectural pass/fail ratio in the late 12th century: 1/200

  9. Recruitment Students

  10. Numbers • In 1290 there were 216,228 registered households in Wuzhou-lu (=Jinhua Prefecture) • In 1350 a “Rat’s Tail Register” was created which listed households from wealthiest to poorest based on total land and the number of adult males. On this basis their service obligation was defined • The total number of those liable for service (役者) was 12,668 names (名), with 4300 names being moved down from liable to non-liable And 3460 names being moved up from non-liable to liable • Thus only 5 percent of the households were wealthy enough to be liable for service.

  11. Instruction教化 Study學習 Teaching為師 Learning求學 “Education”and Agency

  12. Private Academies 書院 • Appearing in Southern Song, continuing into the early 20th century, revivals today • Generally privately funded • Less test-based; do not offer certification • Responsive to new intellectual trends

  13. 4 categories of bibliography • Classics • Histories • Schools of Philosphy/Practice • Literary Collections

  14. Three areas of theory and practice • Literary/cultural studies文學， • Affairs of government 政事， • Moral conduct 德行

  15. Education as Teaching and LearningLü Zuqian as a teacher • School rules • Literary anthology ( Song wen jian宋文鑒) • Institutional history (Lidai zhidu ciangshuo歷代制度詳說) • Neo-Confucian primer (Jin si lu近思錄)

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