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HCA CONFERENCE LONDON 5th October 2007 DON T SPREAD IT AROUND An Infection Control workshop for HCAs

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HCA CONFERENCE LONDON 5th October 2007 DON T SPREAD IT AROUND An Infection Control workshop for HCAs

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    1. HCA CONFERENCE LONDON 5th October 2007 ‘DON’T SPREAD IT AROUND!’ – An Infection Control workshop for HCAs

    3. 6/29/2012 Zoe Rawles HealthTrain

    4. 140 years later……. Acquired infections - usually hospital related - still account for nearly 5,000 deaths every year At least 300,000 hospital acquired infections each year Could be reduced by up to 15% saving the NHS Ł150million /year Preventable infections now increasingly acquired in the community setting

    8. The Chain of Infection

    9. Source of Infection Micro-organism capable of causing infection i.e. pathogen Fully active / sufficient quantity / right conditions All micro-organisms are potential pathogens Assess the risk

    11. Route of transmission In susceptible individuals pathogens are spread by: Contact – direct eg. Via body fluids or indirect eg. via hands, animals, water, bedding or respiratory equipment, food. Arthropods eg bugs, flies, fleas, lice, midges, mosquitos, ticks.

    21. Before and after direct patient contact Before and after performing a wound dressing Whenever hands visibly soiled After opening packs and before touching ‘sterile field’ After handling contaminated linen / waste After removing gloves

    22. What sort of soap should you use? Liquid soap and water The hand washing technique is far more important than the agent used or the duration of washing

    23. Other factors to consider: Keep nails short and clean No nail varnish or artificial nails No rings with stones or ridges No nail brushes Cover open cuts / lesions with waterproof dressing…..But-anyone with open cut should not be doing wound dressing No wrist watches. No long sleeves

    24. Hand-washing technique Wet hands under running water Dispense dose of soap into cupped hand Handwash for 10-15 secs vigorously Rinse thoroughly under running water Dry hands thoroughly

    30. Alcohol rubs Use as alternative to hand-washing following a clean activity e.g. after opening a dressing pack, providing hands are not visibly contaminated

    33. Nitrile or latex Gloves…. Must be worn for all procedures where there is a risk of contact with blood or other body fluids and chemicals or potential contact with non-intact skin or mucous membranes Can cause skin sensitivity so frequent use when not required should be avoided Are designed for single use NB. latex allergies in patients and staff

    34. Medical Devices Agency… “ Anyone who reprocesses a ‘single use’ device intended by the manufacturer for use on a single occasion, bears full responsibility for it’s safety and effectiveness” Re-use is committing an offence under the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 (and more) Health Care workers will be held accountable if they re-use single use devices Information from Grove, J. British Journal of Primary Care Nursing

    36. Gloves do not always provide a completely impermeable barrier so body fluids can seep through

    37. So gloves…. May provide additional protection against cross infection Must not be worn as alternative to hand washing Must be changed between procedures Wash hands thoroughly after wearing gloves

    38. IF THERE IS A RISK OF CONTAMINATION WITH BODY FLUIDS APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MUST BE WORN

    39. Protective clothing. Assessing the risk…. Blood, synovial fluid, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk, wound exudates, any other blood stained fluid Possible source of Hepatitis B, C, D, HIV, and other blood borne viruses Faeces, sputum, sweat, tears, urine, vomit: may = other infectious risks TB, salmonella, campylobacter

    40. Assessing the risk contd. ACTIVITY Taking BP, temp, Peak flow etc. RISK No contact with body fluids PROTECTIVE CLOTHING None required ACTIVITY Specimen collection, urine testing RISK Contact with body fluid, low risk of splashing PROTECTIVE CLOTHING Gloves and possibly apron

    43. SHARPS…. Sharps must not be passed from hand to hand & handling should be kept to a minimum Needles must never be recapped, bent, broken or disassembled before use or disposal

    44. Used sharps must be discarded into a sharps container at the point of use by the user. Sharps boxes must not be filled above the maximum fill line Containers in public places must be located in safe position. They must be securely closed & disposed of in accordance with local policy NICE GUIDELINES 2003

    52. A note about MRSA…… Meticillin resistant staphylococcus aureus Resistant to common antibiotics First identified in 1880s Relatively uncommon in 1960s-1980s Epidemic by mid 1990s – established in hospitals throughout UK Strains are easily transmissable Can infect a range of tissues and body systems To reduce risk of infection you should always wash your hands or use antibacterial rub before and after patient contact

    57. Information & pictures from: Good Practice in Infection Control (2005) www.rcn.org.uk/mrsa Infection Control NICE Guidelines June 2003 http://www.nice.org.uk Nursing Standard Essential Guide to Infection control (NS1CPH1) www.images.google.co.uk

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