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Attachment overheads

Attachment overheads. Class Notes. Attachment. Theories of John Bowlby Parent-child relationship What happens when children are raised in relative states of maternal separation? Films – institutionalized children staying in hospital wards. Three-phase separation behaviors resulted.

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Attachment overheads

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  1. Attachment overheads Class Notes

  2. Attachment • Theories of John Bowlby • Parent-child relationship • What happens when children are raised in relative states of maternal separation? • Films – institutionalized children staying in hospital wards. • Three-phase separation behaviors resulted.

  3. Attachment • Issue: universality of stages. • Stages: • Stage one: Protest • Stage two: Despair • Stage three: Detachment

  4. Attachment • Bowlby felt that the mother-child bond was adaptive – important for survival. • Bowlby was very influenced by Karl Lorenz and his work on imprinting – innateness and adaptiveness of behaviors. • Bowlby felt that attachment was innate on the part of the infant and caregiver.

  5. Attachment • Certain behaviors connected with attachment. • Critical or sensitive period for the development of attachment. • Monotrophy – main attachment figure. • Model for future relationships.

  6. Attachment • Mary Ainsworth – conditions that activate children’s attachment systems. • Strange situation – baby in an unfamiliar room with a stranger.

  7. Attachment • Eight episodes measured four behaviors. • Willingness to explore • Separation anxiety • Stranger anxiety • Reunion Behavior

  8. Attachment Definition of attachment – put slide up here.

  9. Attachment • Infant Characteristics that promote Attachment: • “kewpie doll” appearance • Rooting, sucking, grasping reflexes • Cooing, babbling • Smiling • Crying • Responsiveness to social overtures

  10. Attachment • Infant Characteristics that make attachment difficult • Physically unattractive (e.g.) premature • Reflexes weak • Irritable, few smiles • Little pleasant vocalization • Irritating shrill • Easily over stimulated, resists or ignores social overtures.

  11. Attachment • Caregiver characteristics that hinder attachment • Maternal depression • Abused mother • Mother does not want baby • Mother unable to take lead in establishing interactions • Mother insensitive to infant cues and may under or overstimulate child.

  12. Attachment • Several children in family • Poor marital relationship.

  13. Attachment • Schaffer and Emerson Stages in Social Attachment • Asocial stage – 0-6 weeks • Indiscriminate attachment stage – 6 wks to 6-7 months • Specific attachment stage – 7-9 months • Multiple attachment stage – shortly after stage 3

  14. Attachment • Theories of attachment: • Psychoanalytical Theory • Learning Theory • Ethological Theory

  15. Attachment • What does the research say about attachment?

  16. Attachment • Types of Attachment • Secure Attachment • Insecure Attachment (anxious / resistant) • Insecure Attachment (anxious / avoidant) • Insecure Attachment (disorganized / disoriented)

  17. Attachment • Ainsworth’s Caregiving Hypothesis • Quality of attachment dependent on attention, responsiveness, sensitivity. • Inconsistent caregiving leads to insecure attachment (anxious / resistant) • Impatient caregiving leads to anxious and avoidant attachment. • Abusive caregiving leads to disorganized / disoriented attachment.

  18. Attachment • Kagan’s Temperament Hypothesis • Quality of infant’s attachment dependent upon: • Easy temperment = secure attachment • Difficult temperment = insecure (anx/res) • Slow to warm up temperment = insecure (anx / avoidant) • Research evidence?

  19. Attachment • Symptoms of a reactive attachment disorder – see handout on the website. • What can we do to help? • Provide highly predictable environment. • Avoid intimacy too soon. • Holding therapy? • Failure to thrive cases. • Reparenting work.

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