Why Explore?

1. Why Explore? European Exploration 900- 1670

2. Review Quiz • An Explorer is: • Is a person who seeks new lands and routes to old lands • Is a person who does surgical operations • Is a person who looks though telescopes • Is a person who likes money and raw materials • Europeans discovered America because: • They were following a rainbow to get the pot of gold • They were trying to catch a fish. • They wanted to find riches such as gold • They were trying to find a short route to Asia

3. Review Quiz • Mercantilism is: • An Psychological theory • An Political theory • An Social theory • An Economic theory • A monopoly is: • Is a type of board game played by many people around the world • Is a type of sailing ship used to discover N.America • Is a the name of the boat Christopher Columbus used to discover N.America. • Is when one person or group is given control to buy or sell something

4. Important Terms for this Chapter - • Monopoly • Charter • Mercantilism • Mother Land • Explorers • Vikings • Settlement • Is when a groups is given control of an industry • Is written permission given by someone in authority. • Is a economic theory to make countries rich. • Is the home country colonizing another country. • People who seek new land • Early Northern Europeans who were good sailors • A permanent community

5. Think/Pair/Share Instructions: In groups of 4-5 discuss and answer these following questions. • Think about people exploring space today. On October 4, 1957 the Space Age began and the Soviet Union and the U.S. raced to gain power in space. • Why do you think this was so? • What are some reasons for exploration of space today?

6. Questions to be Answered in this Chapter…. • Why do you think European countries began to explore? • Why would it matter who reached discovery lands first? • Why was it important for explorers to set up permanent settlements in the newly discovered land? • Why would explorers bring back raw materials to the mother land?

7. Who were the first to discover North America? There is a evidence that the Vikings were the first to reach North American in 995-1000 AD. It is believed that they were blown off course while sailing from Iceland to Greenland.

8. The Vikings • Five hundred years before Columbus “discovered the New World,” Viking settlers were living in what is now a part of Canada. • There was some attempt to settle (live) in N.America (present day location –Newfoundland) but the settlement failed. • For nearly 1,000 years no definite proof of their settlement existed, until a Norwegian couple unearthed a Viking site in Newfoundland. • VIKING VIDEO

9. Why did Western European Countries begin to Explore? • Christian Crusades – brought Europeans into contact with Eastern goods and ideas pg. 22. • Before 1500 AD, there was a land route from Western Europe to Asia (India and China) called the Silk Road. This was a very popular and profitable trade route. Trade with the east could make a country very rich and powerful. • Fall of Constantinople – the Turks were controlled land between Western Europe (Spain, England, France, etc,.) This made traveling the silk road very difficult .

10. Trade Routes • In order to get silks and spices from the East they needed to find another route to Asia. When Christopher Columbus • discovered America he was trying to find India! • As you can see from the two maps; above is the overland route and below is the ocean route. Why do you think it was an accident they found N.America?

11. Spanish Explorers Christopher Columbus Italian explorer was sent by Spain to find a short route to the Far East (China) by sailing west. He landed on the coast of the West Indies and explored the Caribbean and South America.

12. English Explores John Cabot • Although he was Italian, John Cabot was authorized by King Henry VII of England to "search for unknown lands in the west." It was the age of exploration, when the European powers of Spain, Portugal, England, and France were trying to expand their trade with Asia and discover new sources of wealth in "new worlds." Adventurous navigators like Cabot and Christopher Columbus received support from power- ful monarchs because of the international competition for riches. * CABOT VIDEO

13. French Explorers Jacques Cartier • Cartier was hired by the French king to find a short route to the Far East. • Cartier claimed the Gaspe Peninsula property of France by placing a cross and French flag on the beach. • The French wanted to establish colonies in the New World to collect raw materials • CARTIER VIDEO

14. Other Reasons for Exploration…. • European countries wanted power which could come with the raw materials from these Eastern countries. • Age of Exploration 1450-1600, interest in new technology and innovative methods of ship building – this allowed explorers to sail farther and faster • Monarch’s (royalty) hired sailors to search for a quick route to the Far East in hopes of power and riches – (eg. Spanish in Mexico)

15. Mercantilism • A way to gain more power for the mother land. • The MAJOR reason behind European exploration and colonization. • Kings and Queens promoted exploration as a way to gain power, wealth (often in gold and silver), and raw materials from other colonies. • These would then be brought back to the mother country and turned into finished goods which could be sold to markets (buyers) and gain greater profits. • Example: Animal fur (raw material) to be made into clothing (finished good).

16. Mercantilism Cycle Mercantilism

17. Day 2 – Native and European Interaction/Colonization

18. Important Terms – Cultural Exchange Technology Scurvy Value Acculturation

19. Think/Pair/Share In groups of 4 – read and discuss your assigned topic together. Each group must be ready to discuss. TOPICS: • Native and European Interaction –pg 24 • Exchange of Technology and Ethnocentrism – pg 24 • Claiming Lands + Jacques Cartier – pg 26 • Settling and Controlling Lands – pg27 • Colonization Diagram – pg 27

20. European & Native Interaction • Early interaction between Native people and European explorers was relatively friendly. First Nations groups in Canada had made contact with Spanish, Portuguese, French and English people who came to fish off the coast of Newfoundland every summer. • Although initially friendly, many Native groups became hostile (angry) when they understood that their old way of life could not survive with the arrival of so many strangers. The struggle to establish peace and understanding between the people of the First Nations and the European settlers continued during the many centuries since Cartier's arrival

21. Exchange of Technology • Europeans and Native groups exchanged technology and skills. • The Native groups taught Europeans survival skills such as hunting, trapping, snow shoeing, and canoeing. • Europeans supplied the Native people with goods such as tools, weapons, and cooking utensils. • SYRUP VIDEO

22. Acculturation - is when two cultures meet and affect one another. Each culture might borrow ideas from one another or one culture may have a stronger influence. Ethnocentrism - This happens when people think their culture is best because they are used to it and it meets their needs.

23. “Long live the King of France” Why is the above quote important? After reading page 26, discuss with a partner the above quote and answer the questions together. Be prepared to share your answers. Cartier reached the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1534 and placed a cross on the Gaspé Peninsula that read “Long live the King of France”, claiming French control in North America.

24. Who was Jacques Cartier? • A French explorer sent by the King of France, Francois I, to discover the riches of the New World. • He reached and explored what became known as Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island and the Gaspé Peninsula. • Cartier led three voyages to the St. Lawrence region in 1534, 1535-36 and 1541-42.

25. Jacques Cartier He attempted to establish permanent French settlement in this area as part of France’s colonization process, but failed. He was the first explorer to map the St. Lawrence River. He gave Canada its name when he misunderstood or misused the Iroquois word for village "kanata" to mean the name whole area. In reality, it means village.

26. Settling and Controlling Lands Colonization – Colonization involves one country (historically called the mother country) bringing another separate region under its direct control. This was accomplished by establishing permanent settlements in the new region. They developed the areas resources to supply the mother country with raw material. – Mercantilism

27. THINK/PAIR/SHARE What did colonization provide for the mother country? • raw materials • cheap labor • power • Market for finished goods What did countries do with the colonies they created? • Controlled and governed them just like the mother country. • Gave them the right to control and trade in the newly settled areas. Gave them a monopoly (control) in the new area. Was this fair for the Native people already living there? NO

28. Group Activity - In groups of two read the, “Focus On” – Cultural Differences” on page 25. The class will be divided in half. One side representing the French and the other representing the Iroquois.

29. Day 3 – French Colonization • Things we are going to learn: • Why the French wanted to Colonize North America • How the trading companies operated. • Who is Samuel de Champlain? • Coureurs de bois

30. Important WORDS Is structure which is built to protect you from invaders. Is a union formed between two nations or groups. Refers to a farmer in New France. Is responsible for creating permanent settlements in New France. Is called the “Father of New France”. Is the dominant religion in Western Europe and North America. Is a part of the institution of the Catholic Church. Fortress - Alliances Habitant Samuel de Champlain Christianity Convent

31. Think/Pair/Share In groups of 4 – read and discuss your assigned topic together. Each group must be ready to discuss. TOPICS: • First Paragraph + “Rules by Trading Companies”. – pg 28 • Pierre Du Gua de Monts + Champlain at Quebec – pg 28 • Samuel de Champlain +Helene Boullee + Company of 100 Associates + Company of Habitants • The Fur Trade and Native People – 30 • The Coureurs de bois – pg 31

32. 1. French Colonization • France was slow to begin colonizing other countries because it was busy fighting wars within Europe. • France tried to encourage its trading companies to establish permanent settlements, but the companies were only interested in making profits. • Trading companies were an important part of Mercantilism because they provided the mother country with Raw Materials.

33. 1. French Colonization … continued • The French were interested in Eastern Canada for its fur which they got from the Natives. • French Trading companies also sold finish goods to native people.

34. 2. Pierre Du Gua de Monts • He was granted a monopoly on fur trade in Canada. He wanted to protect his monopoly by establishing a permanent settlement near the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. • Later they moved it to Port Royal, which proved to be poor location. Other French traders moved in and traded with the Natives. – see map on pg 28

35. 2. Champlain at Quebec A man named Champlain wanted to establish a settlement in the St. Lawrence valley where they would have better access to different native groups and furs. He build a large fortress and formed a trading and military alliances with the Huron people. After 1608, the Fur traded expanded greatly in New France, however the population did not because trading companies were interested in profits NOT colonization.

36. 3. Who is Samuel de Champlain • Called the Father of New France • He established a permanent settlement in Ste. Croix Island, Port Royal, and Quebec City. • Champlain was religious a believed it was his responsibility to spread Christianity to the first people • Champlain was a navigator and mapmaker. • Champlain married Helene Boullee, but after a short stay in Canada she returned to France to live the rest of her life in a convent.

37. 3. Company of 100 Associatesand Company of Habitants The company of 100 Associates was granted a monopoly on the fur trade in New France. In return, the company was supposed to bring 4000 French Catholics to settle in New France over the next 15 years. Because of war with England, the company went out of business. The Company of Habitants took over the monopoly on Fur Trade. The company of habitants simply had to cover the cost of administering the colony and settlements.

38. 4. The Fur Trade and Native Peoples Because of fashion trends and in Europe (wearing exotic furs coats and hats) made New France important colony. Wearing felt hats (beaver pelt) was a status symbol in European society, which placed great demand on the furs.

39. Think/Pair/Share In Canada and in China we no longer wear funny hats to distinguish between classes of people, but we still use things/items to distinguish between people. In groups of two discuss with your partner what are some status symbols in Chinese society today?

40. 4. The Fur Trade and Native Peoples ….continued • The French made alliances with the Huron people who had already had long standing trade alliances with other native nations. Furs were traded for European goods. The Huron People were the middle men. Micmac Ottawa Algonkian

41. 4. The Fur Trade and Native Peoples ….continued The Huron had disputes with the Iroquois tribes before the arrival of Europeans and the fur trade. The French established military and trade alliances with the Huron, which made the Iroquois their enemy. FRENCH AND HURON PEOPLE Conflict and Competition English, Dutch and Iroquois

42. 5. The Coureurs de bois (Runners of the Woods) Coureurs de bois refers to Frenchmen who ventured into the interior rivers and lakes to bring back beaver pelts themselves. These men could make big profits since they were removing the middle man. The Coureurs de bois lived among the natives and usually married native women. This established strong alliances and expanded the fur trade further into the interior of Canada.

43. Day 4 The “Catholic Church”, Acadia, British Colonization and Hudson Bay Company

44. QUIZ - • What provinces make up Acadia today? • Quebec and Ontario • British Columbia and Alberta • Nova Scotia and New Brunswick • Newfoundland and Labrador • The Huron could be best described as EXCEPT: • They are a native group in the St. Lawrence Region • The were middlemen for the French • They had a trading and military alliance with the Iroquois people • They had an alliance with the French

45. The Coureurs de bois are: • French people who were farmers • They were people that lived in Acadia • Were French hunters working in the fur trade • Worked for the Catholic Church • A Jesuit is: • A person who works for the Catholic church. • Is a Priest who works for the Catholic church. • Is a Nun that works for the Catholic Church • Is a teacher and doctor that works for the Catholic Church • The following is true about the American Colonies except: • Was established by the British • The economy was based on gold mining • Germans, Irish, Scottish and Dutch all lived in the Colonies • The first city was established in James Town.

46. 6. The reasons for the downfall of the Huron people is all of the following points, EXCEPT: • Disease • No Food • War with Iroquois • No Guns • 7. The demand for Canadian fur during the 1600s was because: • Beaver fur made good blankets • Used to make fashionable jackets • Used to make hats • 8. Who is referred to as the “Father of New France” • Samuel de Champlain • Helene Boullle • Jacques Cartier • Marguerite Bourgeoys • Pierre-Esprit Radisson • Kristopher George

47. 9. Acculturation is when: • Two cultures meet and effect one another • Is when a people’s culture dies • Is when a culture is improved • Is when a culture is weakened • 10. Scurvy is: • Is a type of beaver pelt • Is a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C • Is a French Farmer • 11. Who were the first Europeans to discover America • The English • The French • The Vikings • The Spanish • The Jesuits

48. Important WORDS Leave one’s own country or region to settle in another country Organization or society established for some public or social purpose. Examples include the church, the family, and educational systems. A group of Canoes, carts, or dogsleds carrying trade goods and supplies to and from trading posts. A native group in the St. Lawrence region. They had close trading relations with the French. French Farmers living in what is now Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Emigrate Institution Brigade Huron Acadians

49. Think/Pair/Share In groups of 4 – read and discuss your assigned topic together. Each group must be ready to discuss. TOPICS: • The Catholic Church (Jesuits and Montreal) • Women who Came to New France • Huronia • Acadia • British Colonization

50. 1.The Catholic Church During this period (Prior to 1663) Europe and France were very religious. Champlain believed it was his responsibility to spread the Roman Catholic religion to New France and introduce Native people to the “REAL” god. The King of France also made a law that only Catholics could emigrate to New France, thus making it a stronger colony. The main institution in New France was the Catholic Church (ie schools and hospitals).