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This article explores why and how to teach comprehension strategies explicitly, with a focus on using kinesthetic imagery to enhance understanding. It introduces the concept of comprehension, differentiating between skill and strategy, and highlights the importance of explicit instruction and scaffolded assistance. The article then discusses the "Reading PADS" developed by Steven Tattum of F.A.S.T. Learning, which utilize hand signals to portray comprehension processes. Research findings on the effectiveness of using hand signals are presented, along with a summary of the Reading PADS strategies. The article concludes with steps for implementing the strategies in the classroom and provides practical suggestions for incorporating them into lesson plans.
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Let us not be content to wait and see what will happen, but give us the determination to make the right things happen. -Peter Marshall
Comprehension Strategies That Work Using Kinesthetic Imagery to Enhance Understanding
What is Comprehension? The complex cognitive process involving the intentional interaction between reader and text to extract meaning. The Essence of Reading and Learning.
Comprehension: Skill v. Strategy Skills:procedures applied in the same way every time without conscious thought. Ex. Recognition of sight words Strategies:reasoned plans that are applied consciously and adapted to a particular situation. Ex. Predicting what will happen
Why teach comprehension strategies explicitly? Research says so! Research has found that without teacher explanation and intensive scaffolded assistance, many struggling readers fail to comprehend.
Which strategies should we teach? From 1987-1997, reading materials suggested teaching over 45 different reading strategies. Modern research has shown that far less strategies have been researched and validated to be highly successful. Steven Tattum of F.A.S.T. Learning has taken this research and created “Reading PADS” to help teachers teach the essential comprehension strategies.
Kinesthetic Imagery Block and Tattum use hand signals to portray comprehension processes. This helps students internalize the strategies. The study found a 53% increase in achievement for the group that used hand signals. The largest effects in the study were found with K-2 students.
Summary PAD Paraphrase Picture Ask Questions Clarify Identify Main Idea and Supports Draw Conclusions
Thinking PAD Predict Infer Cause and Effect Reasons and Evidence Perspective Feelings
STEP 1 • Introduce the Comprehension PAD • One or two at a time • Introduce during directed reading using ‘think aloud” • Teach the sign • Use the chart pictures • Practice with directed reading
STEP 2 • Add the Thinking PAD • One or two at a time • Introduce during directed reading using ‘think aloud” • Teach the sign • Use the chart pictures • Practice with directed reading
STEP 3 • Keep using the strategies during directed reading, silent reading, reading aloud, etc. • Make it a board game. • Have students sign during silent reading. • Use sticky notes
Try it! Pick one strategy from the Summary PAD and one from the Thinking PAD. Use the assigned reading passage to model how you would use each strategy. Share with your table.
In Practice Add these strategies to your reading lesson plans. Ex. SWBAT predict mathematical operations used in a story problem. Ex. SWBAT develop the songwriter’s perspective while analyzing the lyrics to Stevie Wonder’s “Sir Duke” . Ex. SWBAT picture the actions of the water cycle.
References Tattum, Steven. F.A.S.T. teacher’s manual. F.A.S.T Learning, LLC. Collins, Cathy, Lesley Mandel, and Sheri R. Comprehension instruction: research-based best practices. 2nd. New York: The Guilford Press, 2008. Print.
