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Understanding the Parotid Gland: Anatomy and Clinical Relevance

Explore the intricate details of the parotid gland, its location, coverings, relations, and nerve supply. Learn about conditions like mumps, abscesses, and tumors associated with this important anatomical structure. Find out about Frey’s syndrome and more!

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Understanding the Parotid Gland: Anatomy and Clinical Relevance

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  1. Parotid gland

  2. Introduction • Derived from words para—otid • Resembles three sided inverted pyramid

  3. Parotid region • Front • Behind • Above • Below • Medial

  4. Parotid Gland • Coverings • True capsule • False capsule (Parotid sheath)

  5. Base Superficial surface Anterior border Posterior border Apex Presenting parts • Apex • Base • Superficial surface (lateral) • Antero-medial surface • Postero-medial surface • Anterior border • Posterior border • Medial border

  6. Relations • Apex—extends downward into carotid triangle • Base :- external ear and temporomandibular joint

  7. Lateral surface : • Covered by skin ,superficial fascia • Parotid lymph nodes • Anteromedialsurface : • Ramus of mandible with masseter and medial pterygoid

  8. Posteromedialsurface • Related to mastoid process with sternomastoid and posterior belly of digastric

  9. Anterior border

  10. Relations

  11. Structures passing through the gland • Facial nerve • Retro-mandibular vein • External carotid artery

  12. Parotid duct • Stensen’s duct • 5 cm long • Anterior border of gland • Pierces • Buccal pad of fat • Buccopharyngeal fascia • Bucinator • Mucous membrane of vestibule

  13. Nerve supply

  14. Applied anatomy • Inflammatory swelling of the gland • Mumps • Parotid abscess • Tumors of parotid gland • Frey’s syndrome

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