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LOFF, the inhomogeneous “faces” of color superconductivity

LOFF, the inhomogeneous “faces” of color superconductivity. Marco Ruggieri Università degli Studi di Bari. Conversano, QCD@work2005, 16 – 20 Giugno 2005. High density QCD. Hadrons at very high density and low temperature: deconfinement. Degrees of freedom: quarks and gluons.

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LOFF, the inhomogeneous “faces” of color superconductivity

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  1. LOFF, the inhomogeneous “faces” of color superconductivity Marco Ruggieri Università degli Studi di Bari Conversano,QCD@work2005, 16 – 20 Giugno 2005

  2. High density QCD • Hadrons at very high density and low temperature: deconfinement. • Degrees of freedom: quarks and gluons. • Quarks fill large Fermi surfaces. • One gluon exchange is attractive in the color antisymmetric channel. Color Superconductivity

  3. Superficie di Fermi BCS: BCS color superconductivity Fermi Surface Pairing with zero total momentum

  4. Superconductive Normal BCS color superconductivity 2 • Phases characterized by diquark condensation:

  5. In nature……… • Fermi momenta of the quarks can be different, because: • Weak equilibrium • Non-zero masses of the quarks • Electrical and color neutrality How can this affect BCS superconductivity ?

  6. u u d d It is difficult to form pairs with total zero momentum Different Fermi momenta From now on I consider only two flavor quark matter

  7. Inhomogeneousgap parameter LOFF phase Pairs with non-zero total momenum

  8. Cristallography Cristallography of the LOFF phase One can make the following general ansatz: Usually the wave vectors are choosen along the direction of vertices of regular poliedra

  9. Interesting cristallographic structures P=8Face centered cube(F.C.C.) P=6Body centered cube(B.C.C.)

  10. Gap equation = Free energy Smearing of the gap parameter My goal is to see which is the LOFF structure realized in quark matter. I can do this by comparing the free energyof the various structures. How can I compute such a free energy ?

  11. One wave BCC FCC LOFF Comparison of the free energies BCS (Ruggieri et al. - 2004)

  12. Mantel+hadron superfluid LOFF, gCFL CFL(if densities arehigh enough) LOFF and compact stars ? If quark matter is present in the core of a neutron star, then the LOFF phase could be realized there.

  13. Fermions are relevant for the thermodynamical properties. BCS • Spatial symmetries are spontaneously broken Phonons LOFF If LOFF, how can it contribuite to the thermodynamics ? • Gapless fermion dispersion laws

  14. Conlusions and open questions • Different Fermi momenta: pairs with non-zero momemtum. • Cristallography of the LOFF phase: smearing approximation. • LOFF with three flavors. • Transport coefficients. • Applications to condensed matter.

  15. References In this talk I presented results obtained in collaboration with:R. Casalbuoni, M. Ciminale, R. Gatto, M. Mannarelli, G. Nardulli.Thanks to all of them. Thanks also to: V. Laporta, N. Ippolito, John Petrucci and, last but not least, M. La Calamita.

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