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Peace in Europe

Essential Questions: What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points? How did the Treaty of Versailles impact WWI? What was the League of Nations and why was it formed? How did WWI impact nations around the world?. Peace in Europe. Wilson’s 14 Points. Wilson gave speech to Congress

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Peace in Europe

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  1. Essential Questions: What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points? How did the Treaty of Versailles impact WWI? What was the League of Nations and why was it formed? How did WWI impact nations around the world? Peace in Europe

  2. Wilson’s 14 Points • Wilson gave speech to Congress • Assured America that WWI was being fought for a moral cause • Listed Fourteen Points • Point 1: No secret treaties • Point 2: Freedom of the seas • Point 4: Arms should be reduced • Points 6 to 13: Groups that claimed distinct ethnic identities were to form their own nations • Point 14: International organization should be setup • Basis for terms of German surrender

  3. Treaty of Versailles • Ended war between Germany and Allies • Signed on June 28, 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of the Archduke • Redrew the map of Europe: • Established 9 new nations • Carved up the Middle East • Treaty and Germany: • Bared Germany from maintaining army • Germany had to pay $33 billion in reparations (war damages) to the Allies • Germany had to take responsibility for causing the war (War Guilt Clause) • Overall the Treaty humiliated Germany

  4. League of Nations • Result of the Treaty of Versailles • League's goals included: • Disarmament • Preventing war through collective security • Settling disputes by negotiations • U.S. Senators feared it would harm Americas policy of isolationism • Wilson, who was ill, setoff on an 8,000 mile tour to gain support for League • Suffered a stroke and was partially paralyzed • Unable to campaign for the Treaty the Senate voted against entry

  5. Impact of the War • Four empires disappeared: • German • Austro-Hungarian • Ottoman • Russian • France lost 1.4 million soldiers • Germany and Russia were similarly affected • Spanish Flu killed 50 million people worldwide • Collapse of the Ottoman Empire left a power vacuum • Claims to land and nationhood emerged

  6. Death in Europe • WWI was bloodiest war in history up to that time • Deaths numbered about 22 million, more than half of them civilians • 20 million people were wounded • 10 million people became refugees • U.S. lost 48,000 men in battle and more than 200,000 were wounded • Storm on the Horizon • Germans were unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles • Adolf Hitler was able to feed off of this anger • Gained popularity and power in Germany

  7. Sweden Norway Finland Estonia Denmark Latvia Germany Netherlands Lithuania United Kingdom Poland Czechoslovakia Belgium Soviet Union France Romania Spain Bulgaria Portugal Yugoslavia Switzerland Italy Greece Austria Hungary Albania

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