1984 Book 2; Chapter 4

1. 1984Book 2; Chapter 4 by: ElizabethNovelli

2. Characters • Winston- an ordinary man who makes an effort to change the way of thought. He represents the feelings in every human being. He tries to make all circumstances better. • Julia- this is Winston’s lover, she also enjoys rebelling against the government. Julia and Winston are not necessary compatible, actually their thoughts on everything contradict each other. • Monstrous Woman- a pretty solid woman with red forearms; She was stomping to and fro between a washtub and clothes line singing the song that has been echoing through London for weeks, made for the proles benefit.

3. Words to know • Countersign-a secret word or signal which must be given to a guard or sentry by someone wishing to pass; password. “It was like the two halves of a countersign” Winston says this when Julia finishes the rhyme. • Saccharine- of the nature of or resembling that of sugar “…., a thing Winston had almost forgotten after years of saccharine.” This is said after they have talked about the rat, when the coffee was being made. • Emanation-to flow out, issue, or proceed, as from a source or origin; come forth; originate. “ …..a rich hot smell which seemed like an emanation from his early childhood,….” This is said when Julia pulls out the milk.

4. Words to know (continued) • Trivialities- The quality or condition of being trivial “….talking of trivialities and buying odds and ends for the household.” This is said when he wishes that he was with Julia walking through the streets. • Folly- the state or quality of being foolish; lack of understanding or sense. “ Folly, folly, folly! He thought again.” Winston said this when he thinks about how they could be frequent for weeks with out being caught. • Contralto- the lowest female voice or voice part, intermediate between soprano and tenor. “Whenever he mouth was not corked with clothes pegs she was singing in a powerful contralto:”This is said when Winston describes the way the woman was singing.

5. Newspeak • Versificator- where songs that are published for the benefit of the proles by the sub-section music department, are composed without any human intervention “The words of these songs were composed without any human intervention whatever on an instrument known as a versificator.”

6. Literary Elements • Foreshadowing- the St. Clements Church song. This is a type of foreshadowing for Julia and Winston, because at the end of the rhyme it says “ here comes a chopper to chop off your head!” This is basically showing us that something may happen between Julia and Winston that could be fatal to each person. • Symbolism- the symbolism in this chapter comes when Winston starts to describe the glass paperweight and how it compares to Julia and his life. He states that “it’s fixed into a sort of eternity at the heart of the crystal.” This is showing symbolism as to how he compares him and Julia’s relationship to the weight, or maybe even comparing it to the past and how their relationships used to be, considering the paperweight reminds Winston of the past.

7. Literary Elements (continued) • Tone- Orwell sets up a kind of exciting but nervous tone. Exciting because of how Julia and Winston are seeing each other and spending time together. Sometimes he uses nervousness when he is describing Winston worrying about them being caught any minute and having their relationship end up to good to be true. • Imagery- Orwell gives us a sense of imagery when he describes the “monstrous woman, solid as a Norman pillar, with brawny red forearms and a sacking apron strapped about her middle, was stumping to and fro…..” this gives us sense of imagery as to how the person may be built, giving us a description describing how she was solid or like a pillar tells us what we need to know to get the image of her in our head.

8. Discussion Questions • In this chapter how are Winston’s feelings growing for Julia? Winston feelings for Julia have grown to the point where she is a “physical necessity”. If Julia cancels plans for work or some other reason Winston becomes upset and suspicious that she is cheating on him. Winston's feelings for Julia have grown so much that he is unable to be away from her without knowing what she is doing. 2. What was Winston constantly concerned about throughout this chapter? Winston was always concerned with Julia and his relationship be found out. Even though there was no telescreen where they met, Winston would always be making up scenarios as to how or when the couples eventual capture would come. This relating back to the rat and its hole. The rat not knowing Julia is going to eventually patch the hole and capture him inside of it.

9. Discussion Questions (continued) 3. What does Julia bringing real sugar, bread, etc. tell you about her rebelling against the government? When Julia brings the real sugar, bread, coffee, tea, jam, milk, makeup and perfume it shows us her rebellious side. Although she brought and stole all these inner party items we can tell she is silent about her work of rebellion, and she does not show her opinions out in the open for government to hear/see. 4. Why was Winston shocked/surprised when Julia finished the ending to the rhyme? When Julia finishes the rhyme Winston was taught by Mr. Charrington, Winston thought that her knowing the rest was a countersign. He thought that she knowing how the rhyme ended was foreshadowing what she may do to him or what may happen to the both of them if their relationship was found out by the proles. 5. IN this specific chapter what does the Winston feel and picture while gazing into the glass paper weight? When looking at the glass paperweight Winston feels as id the glass is arching over him and forming his own tiny world. The paper weight to him was the room he was in and the coral being his and Julia’s life “fixed into a sort of eternity at the heart of the crystal”.

10. Summary • Winston bargains with Mr. Charrington, the shop at which he bought the diary and paperweight, to rent the room for his and Julias pleasure. While waiting for Julia he hears a woman outside the window singing a song he recognizes as one published for the benefit of the proles and made by the versificator. Then later Julia runs in the door and pulls out of her bag all the inner party luxuries. She brought real sugar, coffee, bread, jam and tea. She painted her face and sprayed her self with perfume, all which are illegal. Winston and Julia make love then fell asleep. Later after waking up Julia notices a rat poking his head through a hole, then Winston reveals that he is afraid of rats. Julia tell him it will be okay and that she will patch the hole for him. Soon after that Winston starts singing a nursery rhyme and to his surprise she finishes it. Then she tells him that its something her grandfather taught her. Then he takes a look at the paperweight and realizes what it means for him and Julias life together.

11. Analysis • The song that Winston hears the woman singing shows the feelings that Winston has in the relationship with Julia. He is becoming more attached to Julia, you can see this when he becomes upset with her when she cancels the plans. Julia and Winston are becoming almost like a forbidden couple, because they are living as “real” people did in the past, doing all the things that are prohibited in the time they are in now. In this chapter Julia and Winston become more comfortable with each other, causing Winston to think it is a bigger possibility they will be caught. This chapter introduces, and emphasizes many things, some already mentioned, such as Winston’s nightmare, his fear of rats and the paperweight. The rat poking his head through the wall then Julia telling Winston that she will patch the hole so the rat is gone symbolizes the couples upcoming capture. Then lastly Winston's nightmare about being in front of the wall of darkness, and he not being able to face it before he wakes up symbolizes the wall as being his fate and behind the real wall is where the telescreen will eventually reveal him and Julia. Winston says the Julia knowing the rest of the rhyme a countersign, which will foreshadow a not so great ending for Winston because the rest of the rhyme goes “here comes a chopper to chop off your head.” Finally the paperweight symbolizes the relationship between them. Winston says the he sees the “coral was Julias life and his own, fixed in a sort of eternity at the heart of the crystal.”