Chapter 2 (U.S. Book)

1. Chapter 2 (U.S. Book) Sections 1 & 2 Guided Notes

2. Archaeologists have found a wealth of artifacts in thousands of ____________ _________ in North America. They are scattered in regions stretching from the Appalachian Mountains to the __________________ River, and from Wisconsin to ____________. Scholars have called these people __________ _____________. They lived from about 3,000 years ago until the 1700s. Among them were the _____________ and the _________________ peoples.

3. The first mounds were probably _____ ________, probably for important leaders. Inside the mounds, archaeologists have found carved pipes and stone sculptures, as well as copper weapons, tools and _________. They have also found shells from the _______________ and turquoise from the Southwest, which indicates that they ______________ with people from other parts of North America.

4. Some mounds were used for ________ _____________. They are shaped like pyramids with flat tops. On the flat surfaces, the people built __________ and ___________ for the ruling class. (See picture on page 35.) The meaning of this mound remains a mystery.

5. Around 700 and 1500, Mississippians built a large city at ___________ in present-day Illinois. Over the years, they built a mound that became known as ________________. It covers about 16 acres– equal to _____ football fields. They also built a wooden fence that surrounded circles o evenly spaced posts. Some archaeologists think the posts served as some type of _____________. From the top of the mound, rulers could see _____________ cast by the posts. Shorter shadows announced the coming of _________ and longer showed that autumn was near. This was important for farmers to know when to plant and harvest crops.

6. “Early Cultures of the Southwest” • Archaeologists have also learns a lot about cultures in the desert. This region may seem like a poor place to live due to little rainfall and hot temperatures. A least _________ years ago, people in the Southwest learned how to grow some crops such as _______. The ____________ was one such society. • They lived in present-day Southern Arizona, and about 2,000 years ago turned the desert into farmland. They dug a vast system of ___________ to irrigate crops. The ditches channeled water from the _________ and _________ Rivers into fields that produced corn, beans and ______________. squash

7. “Section 2: The Peoples of North America” • When Columbus reached the Americas in 1492, he thought he had reached the East Indies, so he called the people he met “los Indios,” which means Indians. Soon all Europeans were calling the people Indians, but by the time they had realized Columbus’ error, they were used to the term. • The name Indian is misleading since Native Americans do not belong to one single group. In Columbus’ time, as now, Native Americans included many different peoples with distinct cultures. They spoke hundreds of languages and their cultures varied in different ways.

8. “Culture Areas and Tribes” • A ________________ is a region in which people share a similar way of life. Within each culture area, there were many different ___________. A tribe was a group of villages or settlements that shared common customs, ___________, and rituals. Members of tribes saw themselves as distinct peoples who shared the same ___________. Throughout their history, ____________________ have played an important role in Indian life.

9. Tribe members felt a strong bond with the _____, plants and animals in the region where they lived. As they hunted animals or raised crops or gathered wild plants for food, members of the tribe tried to maintain a _______ with the forces of the natural world. Their religious ceremonies and ______ __________ were designed to help them maintain that balance.