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480 BC

480 BC. Exam question: In 480 BC, the Greeks fought a major battle with the Persians. We consider this date to be the beginning of the _________ era. Hellenistic b. Archaic Good Times d. Classical e. Imperial. (don’t bother to copy down wrong answers!). SUMMARY. Roman art was about

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480 BC

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  1. 480 BC • Exam question: • In 480 BC, the Greeks fought a major battle with the Persians. We consider this date to be the beginning of the _________ era. • Hellenistic b. Archaic • Good Times d. Classical • e. Imperial (don’t bother to copy down wrong answers!)

  2. SUMMARY Roman art was about POWER, PLEASURE & PRACTICALITY ARCHitecture ART: media: mosaic, fresco SCULPTURE: Realism MUSIC: not much to say

  3. ANCIENT ROME The Spirit of Empire

  4. map better map p. 72

  5. Romulus & Remus

  6. Etruscan Apollo from Veii 500 b.c Life size Baked clay (terracotta) Archaic Greek influence (smile, stance) p. 71

  7. 3 Roman Periods • Roman Republic 509 - 27 BC • Early empire 27 BC - 180 ADPAX ROMANAends with the reign of Marcus Aurelius • Late empire 180 - 395 AD about 900 years

  8. But first some connections and comparisons . . . Ancient Greek Hellenistic Age ends in 145 BC – why? ROMANCONQUEST

  9. Other cultures Ancient Egypt 3150 – 702 BCabout 2500 years China Shang Dynasty starts 1523 BC; more-or-less continuous Chinese culture since then, about 3500 years Qin Dynasty consolidates China, 221-206 BC, about 16 years Han Dynasty 206 BC – 220 CE classical phase of Chinese civilization,about 400 years ROME – 900 years

  10. 3 timelines Roman Republic Early & Late Imperial Rome Classical Greek Hellenistic ArchaicGreek HAN DYNASTY - CHINA Chin Zhou Qin 3Kingdoms 0

  11. Classical – some definitions • [culturally inclusive] Definitive (defining) and enduring • [narrow sense] art & architecture of Greek & Roman antiquity • [another general sense] ‘art which aspires to emotional and physical equilibrium, rationally rather than intuitively constructed’

  12. Roman contributions • Literature • Continuation of Greek models in art & philosophy • Architecture

  13. Post & Lintel construction GREEK LINTEL P O S T P O S T PARTHENON

  14. Post & Lintel drawbacks LINTEL P O S T thick P O S T thick narrow

  15. Something new under the sun . . .

  16. Roman ARCHitecture

  17. Arches – strength through compression

  18. Pont du Gard (in France) Inventions reached their limit a long time ago, and I see no hope for further development. Julius Frontius, 1st century AD

  19. Archways for Aquaducts

  20. Pantheon p. 82-83

  21. Pantheon

  22. Pantheon plan

  23. Interior views Engineering marvel Concrete!

  24. Interior more spectacular than exterior

  25. Pantheon comments Missing pedimental sculpture (would have been like Parthenon) later used as church Tuscan order of columns (with Corinthian capitals)

  26. Coliseum • Brings together the violence and the achievements of Roman society • Home of gladiatorial contests…man vs.man, man vs. animal, animal vs. animal • Seating designed for comfort with an expandable covering over the top • Plumbing which could wash away the blood or create an ‘inland sea’ on which to have mock sea battles POWER (POLITICS) & PLEASURE

  27. plan

  28. Art as propaganda Taxi! Hail, Caesar Augustus! a.k.a. Octavian Ruled 27 BC – 14 AD PAX ROMANA MEMORIZE DATE: 0 Hailing Caesar p. 74

  29. Ara Pacis Augustae p. 75 Altar of Augustan Peace

  30. 2:1 length:height

  31. A family affair p. 76

  32. Column of Trajan

  33. SCALE! p. 77

  34. art as propaganda

  35. Portrait Sculpture Roman Realism Life as it is – fidelity to nature

  36. Livia Augustus’ Wife Livia

  37. Middle Aged Flavian woman Young Flavian woman

  38. Statue of an old market woman, 1st century A.D.; Roman On the way to a rite of Dionysus? Probably intentionally damaged by Early Christians

  39. Emperor Caracalla

  40. Philippus the Arab,ruled 244-249

  41. 2-D work • Mosaics • Wall painting - fresco MEDIA

  42. Mosaics • From Greek Hellenistic period • Tessare - colored glass • Ceramic pieces • Narrow color range • Technology and artistry improves to create what look like paintings

  43. Trompe l’oiel “fool the eye” Unswept FloorRoman copy of Hellenistic original. p. 86

  44. Roman Painting • Fresco (buon affresco, true frecso, compared to fresco secco, dry fresco) • Pigment mixed with limewater and added to wet plaster • Wax added to surface after paint had dried to give a sheen to surface.

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