Introduction to Rhetoric

1. Introduction to Rhetoric Unit 2: Defining Courage

2. November 5, 2012 Bellringer: Copy the EQ and rewrite the I can statements in your own words. • EQ:

3. Rhetoric Is… • How writers or speakers use words to influence an audience • Speaking or writing effectively • Using words for a purpose; often this purpose to persuade or to inform

4. Purpose of Rhetorical Analysis • To analyze arguments of others • To learn how to write your own arguments

5. Aristotle determined that there are three main strategies in an argument: • Logos • Ethos • Pathos

6. Rhetorical Chart • The core of the rhetorical chart is purpose—What does the author or speaker want the reader or listener to feel, think, or do? Author’s Purpose Logos Pathos Ethos

7. Speaker’s Triangle ETHOS Writer/speaker persona ETHOS Audience values LOGOS message

8. Logos=Logical Argument • Involves: • Facts or research • Quoted authorities • Cause and effect information • Analogies or comparisons • Common sense information • Shared values • Precedents

9. Pathos=Emotional Appeal • Uses imagery and figurative language • Carefully constructed sentences • Appeals to the: • Heart • Emotions • Sympathy • Passions • Sentimentality

10. Ethos=Ethical Credibility • Appeals to the conscience, ethics, morals, standards, values, and principles • Author or speaker tries to convince you he is of good character by • Being qualified to make his claims • Citing relevant authorities • Quoting others accurately and fairly

11. Read the Nonfiction Article and complete SOAPS in your sourcebook • S=subject (What is the author writing about?) • O=occasion (What prompted the writer to write in the first place?) • A=audience (Who was this written for?) • P=purpose (What is the author’s goal?) • S=strategies (How is the author trying to convince the audience?)

12. SOAPS • Subject: Women’s suffrage • Occasion : August 18, 1920 voting on 19th amendment • Audience: Americans • Purpose: to inform the reader about Harry Burn’s role in the vote for women’s suffrage • Strategies: logos, ethos, and pathos

13. Strategies • The author uses logos when giving facts and research in the article: “Many states had already passed the 19th amendment.” • By referring to Burn’s mother, the author is using pathos: “Burn reached inside his jacket and touched the letter he had just received from his mother urging her to ‘be a good boy’ and ‘vote for suffrage.’” • The author also uses ethos by quoting credible sources, such as Burn himself: “He said it was his chance ‘to free 17 million women from political slavery.’”