1 / 14

Understanding DNA Structure and Function: The Double Helix and Gene Expression

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, consists of two molecules arranged in a double helix structure. Each DNA molecule is composed of millions of nucleotides, which include a phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base. The bases form base pairs: adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). The order of these bases determines the genetic code found in genes, which are sections of DNA that encode proteins. Understanding the sequence of bases, organized into triplets called codons, is essential for genetic expression and determining unique traits.

helia
Download Presentation

Understanding DNA Structure and Function: The Double Helix and Gene Expression

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. DNA Structure

  2. DNA Structure • DNA consists of two molecules that are arranged into a ladder-like structure called a Double Helix. • A molecule of DNA is made up of millions of tiny subunits called Nucleotides. • Each nucleotide consists of: • Phosphate group • Pentose sugar • Nitrogenous base

  3. Nucleotides Phosphate Nitrogenous Base Pentose Sugar

  4. Nucleotides • The phosphate and sugar form the backbone of the DNA molecule, whereas the bases form the “rungs”. • There are four types of nitrogenous bases.

  5. Nucleotides T Thymine A Adenine Guanine G C Cytosine

  6. Nucleotides • Each base will only bond with one other specific base. Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) Form a base pair. Form a base pair.

  7. DNA Structure

  8. DNA Structure • Because of this complementary base pairing, the order of the bases in one strand determines the order of the bases in the other strand.

  9. Complimentary Bases T T T T A A A A G G G C C C

  10. DNA Structure • To crack the genetic code found in DNA we need to look at the sequence of bases. • The bases are arranged in triplets called codons. A G G - C T C - A A G - T C C - T A G T C C - G A G - T T C - A G G - A T C

  11. DNA Structure • A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a protein. • Each unique gene has a unique sequence of bases. • This unique sequence of bases will code for the production of a unique protein. • It is these proteins and combination of proteins that give us a unique phenotype.

  12. DNA Gene Protein Trait

  13. Your Task • Draw a flow chart to show how to get from:

More Related