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Overview of Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis, Decomposition, Displacement, and Combustion

This text summarizes key types of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, single and double displacement, and combustion. In synthesis reactions, smaller reactants combine to form larger products, while decomposition reactions break down complex compounds into simpler ones. Displacement reactions involve one element replacing another in a compound, whereas combustion reactions typically occur when hydrocarbons react with oxygen, producing energy and oxides. The text also touches on incomplete combustion and corrosion, highlighting their environmental implications.

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Overview of Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis, Decomposition, Displacement, and Combustion

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  1. Types of Chemical Reactions

  2. Synthesis In a synthesis reaction smaller less complicated reactants bond to form larger more complicated products.

  3. Two amino acids joining to form a dipeptide protein

  4. Decomposition Reaction • In a decomposition reaction larger more complicated reactants breakdown into smaller less complicated products

  5. CuCO3 + EH  CuO + CO2 HgO(s) +EH Hg(l) + O2(g)

  6. Single Displacement • In a single displacement reaction one element replaces another in a reactant. • For example Cu is more reactive than Ag and so will displace it. • Cu(s) + 2 AgNO3(aq)  Cu(NO3)2 + Ag(s)

  7. Single displacement Reactions

  8. Double Displacement Reactions • In a double displacement reactions the molecules of the compounds involved switch.

  9. This is very common in ionic compounds. The cations (metals) switch places

  10. Homework • Page 239 • # 1, 2, 3, 4 • Page 243 • # 2, 3, 5, 7, 8

  11. Combustion • Combustion is a reaction where a "fuel" reacts with oxygen • The products are usually an oxide and energy. • Hydrocarbons are compounds made of Hydrogen and Carbon • i.e. CH4 (methane) C2H6 (ethane) ……… • The complete combustion of hydrocarbons always results in CO2 and H2O CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O + EH

  12. The Sunrise Propane Explosion

  13. Incomplete combustion • If there is not enough oxygen then not all of the fuel will combust. • This leaves products other than CO2 and H2O Hydrocarbon + O2 CO2 + H2O + CO + C

  14. Incomplete Combustion and the Car Engine N2 from the air can react with uncombusted hydrocarbons To for a variety of pernicious chemicals, called PANs ( peroxyacetyl nitrates. (smog) Photochemical smog : The chemical soup of pans reacts in the presence of sunlight to make a variety of dangerous compounds.

  15. Burning Metals • Fe + O2 FeO + energy 2Mg + O2 2MgO + energy

  16. Burning Nonmetals S + O2 SO2 SO2 + O2  SO4 SO4 + H2O  H2SO4 (sulphuric acid => Acid Percipitation Sulphur is an impurity found in poor quality coal burned to make electricity. It is a by product of the combustion of carbon • Sulphur

  17. Corrosion • Corrosion is the disintegration of a metal due to exposure to its environment • Usually oxygen • Iron corrodes (rusts) Iron (III) + oxygen  Iron (II) oxide which is a reddish flaky material. This flakes off exposing more iron to oxygen. The iron will eventually disappear. • Beneficial Corrosion: 2Zn + O2  2ZnO This is a very hard impenetrable coating. Once oxidized oxidation stops. ZnO makes a barrier to O2 . ZnO can be applied to Fe. This makes a barrier that prevents the Fe from rusting (galvanized iron) • Copper (II) oxidizes to form Copper (II) oxide. This is a green impenetrable coating (i.e. The green roof of the parliament buildings in Ottawa)

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